{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:37:52Z","timestamp":1787017072322,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The King Gustaf V and Queen Victoria\u2019s Freemasons foundation"},{"name":"The King Gustaf V\u2019s 80-year Anniversary foundation"},{"name":"The Gustafsson Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"the Swedish Rheumatism Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016670","name":"Region \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SLE, primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are heterogeneous autoimmune diseases with a dysregulated type I interferon (IFN) system. The diseases often show overlapping clinical manifestations, which may result in diagnostic challenges. We asked to which extent SSc-associated autoantibodies are present in SLE and pSS, and whether these link to serum IFN-\u03b1, clinical phenotypes and sex. Samples with clinical data from patients with SSc and healthy blood donors (HBDs) served as controls. Finally, the diagnostic performance of SSc-associated autoantibodies was evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Samples from well-characterised subjects with SLE (n=510), pSS (n=116), SSc (n=57) and HBDs (n=236) were analysed using a commercially available immunoassay (EuroLine Systemic Sclerosis Profile (IgG)). IFN-\u03b1 was quantified by ELISA. Self-reported data on Raynaud\u2019s phenomenon (RP) were available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With exceptions for anti-Ro52\/SSA and anti-Th\/To, SSc-associated autoantibodies were more frequent in SSc than in SLE, pSS and HBDs regardless of sex. IFN-\u03b1 levels correlated with the number of positive SSc-associated autoantibodies (r=0.29, p&lt;0.0001) and associated with Ro52\/SSA positivity (p&lt;0.0001). By using data from SLE, SSc and HBDs, RP was significantly associated with topoisomerase I, centromere protein (CENP)-B, RNA polymerase III 11\u2009kDa, RNA polymerase III 155\u2009kDa and PM-Scl100 whereas Ro52\/SSA associated inversely with RP. In SLE, CENP-A was associated with immunological disorder, CENP-B with serositis and Ku with lupus nephritis. By combining analysis of ANA (immunofluorescence) with SSc-associated autoantibodies, the diagnostic sensitivity reached 98% and the specificity 33%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 13 specificities included in the EuroLine immunoassay are commonly detected in SSc, but they are also frequent among individuals with other diseases imprinted by type I IFNs. These findings are valuable when interpreting serological data on patients with suspected SSc, especially as patients may present with disease manifestations overlapping different rheumatological diseases. In SLE, we observed associations between manifestations and SSc-associated autoantibodies which have not previously been reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2022-000732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T11:16:44Z","timestamp":1672312604000},"page":"e000732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Autoantibodies associated with systemic sclerosis in three autoimmune diseases imprinted by type I interferon gene dysregulation: a comparison across SLE, primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome and systemic sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5433-3885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rama","family":"Andraos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection\/Rheumatology, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awais","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection\/Clinical Immunology, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection\/Rheumatology, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6rjan","family":"Dahlstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3687-8344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Wirestam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection\/Rheumatology, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Dahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection\/Clinical Immunology, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Hesselstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders A","family":"Bengtsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"J\u00f6nsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristofer","family":"Andr\u00e9asson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund University, Sk\u00e5ne University Hospital, Lund, 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