{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T21:01:06Z","timestamp":1787086866013,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679270400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Excellent postdoctoral innovative talents of Hunan province","award":["2020RC2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020RC2014"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021JJ40837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021JJ40837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["2019-I2M-5\u2013033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-I2M-5\u2013033"]}]},{"name":"The 15th medium-term special grant of postdoctoral Science Foundation of China","award":["2022T150742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022T150742"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-RC320-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-RC320-003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81830097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81830097"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81874253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81874253"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences","award":["2021-I2M-1-059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-I2M-1-059"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC3601800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC3601800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a complicated disease with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Previous studies have rarely included all subgroups of patients with lupus and have overlooked the importance of the cutaneous manifestations thereof. We aimed to compare the demographic and clinical differences among patients with different subtypes of lupus.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This is the first real-world study with a relatively large sample size that simultaneously includes patients with isolated cutaneous lupus erythematosus (iCLE) and SLE. All samples were obtained from the Lupus Erythematosus Multicenter Case\u2013control Study in Chinese populations (LEMCSC) (registration number: ChiCTR2100048939). Comparative analyses between different LE subgroups were performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 2097 patients with lupus were included, with 1865 patients with SLE, 1648 with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), and 232 with iCLE. Among the patients with CLE, 1330 had acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ACLE); 160 had subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE); and 546 had chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE). The study included a relatively large number of patients with CCLE subtypes, including 311 with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), 262 with chilblain lupus erythematosus (CHLE) and 45 with lupus erythematosus profundus (LEP). Demographic characteristics, systemic involvement, mucocutaneous manifestations and autoantibodies were significantly different among the groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CLE and iCLE are two distinct disease states, and the selection of broad or narrow CLE definitions should be emphasised in scientific reports. LE-non-specific cutaneous lesions imply more severity, while self-reported photosensitivity and LE-specific cutaneous manifestations imply milder severity. Generalised ACLE appears to be a more severe state than localised ACLE, and CHLE appears to be more severe than DLE. Anti-Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome-related antigen B (SSB) antibodies have higher specific directivity than anti-Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome-related antigen A (SSA) antibodies for SCLE lesions. Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies have a higher co-occurrence with ACLE and a lower co-occurrence with SCLE and CCLE. Compared with DLE, CHLE has significantly higher positive rates of anti-SSA\/Ro60 (71%) and anti-SSA\/Ro52 (42.4%) antibodies, whereas LEP is associated with a higher positive rate of antinucleosome antibodies (31.1%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2022-000819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T11:16:21Z","timestamp":1679310981000},"page":"e000819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Panoramic view of clinical features of lupus erythematosus: a cross-sectional multicentre study from China"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China"},{"name":"Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China"},{"name":"Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Institute of Dermatology, Nanjing, China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 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