{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T22:51:13Z","timestamp":1790290273822,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health of Ukraine","award":["No. 0122U00132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 0122U00132"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine vitamin D levels in patients with SLE and evaluate their relationship to bone mineral density (BMD) and the disease course.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study included 101 patients with SLE and 29 individuals in the control group. The study participants were tested for vitamin D level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, osteocalcin (OC) and collagen type I C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), and the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was provided to assess BMD in the lumbar spine and the hip.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean serum vitamin D level was 18.98\u00b10.88 ng\/mL, and women had 25.42% lower vitamin D levels than men (p&lt;0.05). There was no correlation between vitamin D levels and patient\u2019s age or disease course. There was a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D levels and cumulative dose of glucocorticoids (r=\u22120.26) and serum inflammatory markers, particularly CRP (r=\u22120.39), IL-6 (r=\u22120.37) and ESR (r=\u22120.15). Vitamin D level was associated with the bone turnover markers (BTMs). In women of reproductive age with vitamin D deficiency, BMD of the lumbar spine and the hip was 9.5\u201323.1% higher than in those with no vitamin deficiency, respectively, and the mean lumbar spine Z-score in women of reproductive age with vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was significantly 2.0 and 2.9 times lower than in patients with normal vitamin D level.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypovitaminosis D is quite common in patients with SLE and is associated with high inflammatory activity (SLE Disease Activity Index, ESR, CRP, IL-6), severity of organ damage (Damage Index), cumulative dose of glucocorticoids, BTM changes (decrease in OC, increase in CTX) and BMD decline. Vitamin D status was not associated with the patient\u2019s age or disease course.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2023-000968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T13:16:09Z","timestamp":1691586969000},"page":"e000968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vitamin D level in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: its relationship to disease course and bone mineral density"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5649-2775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergii","family":"Shevchuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vinnytsia National Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine"},{"name":"Research Institute for Rehabilitation of Individuals with Disabilities (Educational and Scientific Treatment Facility) of Vinnytsia National Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2191-3477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liubov","family":"Marynych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vinnytsia National Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8210-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetiana","family":"Malovana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vinnytsia National Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9366-8648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liudmyla","family":"Denyshchych","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vinnytsia National Medical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091514371820000_10.2.e000968.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-021-00223-1","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship to disease activity, fatigue and the interferon signature gene expression","volume":"5","author":"Magro","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025091514371820000_10.2.e000968.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet0716"},{"key":"2025091514371820000_10.2.e000968.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12403","article-title":"The active metabolite of vitamin D3 as a potential Immunomodulator","volume":"83","author":"Szymczak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2025091514371820000_10.2.e000968.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22621","article-title":"Vitamin D supplementation in adolescents and young adults with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus for improvement in disease activity and fatigue scores: a randomized","volume":"68","author":"Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2025091514371820000_10.2.e000968.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rifa\u2019i A , Kalim H , Kusworini K , et al . 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