{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:32:24Z","timestamp":1793068344246,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702944000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the efficacy of anifrolumab, a type-1 interferon receptor subunit-1 monoclonal antibody, in treating refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and lupus non-specific mucocutaneous manifestations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case series comprising four SLE patients with refractory CLE received anifrolumab (300mg) as add-on therapy. Medical history, serological markers and images were collected. Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index\u2013Activity (CLASI-A) was assessed at baseline and post-treatment visits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Patient 1:<\/jats:italic>Anifrolumab effectively treated refractory chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus with lupus panniculitis and calcinosis cutis.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Patient 2:<\/jats:italic>Anifrolumab demonstrated rapid improvement in generalised discoid lupus, achieving a substantial reduction in CLASI-A from 40 to 8.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Patient 3:<\/jats:italic>Switching from belimumab to anifrolumab led to notable improvement in photosensitivity and tumid lupus.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Patient 4:<\/jats:italic>Anifrolumab effectively managed refractory subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, resulting in remarkable cutaneous improvement and successful tapering of prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anifrolumab demonstrates efficacy in treating refractory CLE subtypes and lupus non-specific mucocutaneous manifestations in SLE patients. Further studies are needed to establish response rates, optimal dosing, and long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2023-001007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,19]],"date-time":"2023-12-19T17:10:13Z","timestamp":1703005813000},"page":"e001007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Case series of anifrolumab for treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus and lupus-related mucocutaneous manifestations in patients with SLE"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2069-9985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1441-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle 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