{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:15:39Z","timestamp":1791555339298,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,9]],"date-time":"2024-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720483200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Aker BioMarine Human Ingredients AS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a critical role in regulating inflammation and lipid metabolism. This study sought to ascertain the frequency of omega-3 deficiency in patients with SLE and investigate whether supplementation with krill oil concentrate (KOC) could replenish omega-3 levels and decrease SLE disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adult patients with active SLE. Eligible patients were randomised to receive 4 g\/day KOC or placebo (vegetable oil mixture) for the first 24 weeks, and thereafter patients could opt to enter an open-label extension. The primary end point was improvement of the red blood cell Omega-3 Index from baseline to week 24. Changes in clinical features, including SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) disease activity scores, were also monitored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy-eight patients met eligibility criteria and were randomised to a treatment group (n=39 per group). The baseline Omega-3 Index in the total SLE cohort was a mean 4.43% (\u00b1SD 1.04%). After 4 weeks of KOC treatment, the Omega-3 Index rapidly increased to 7.17%\u00b11.48% (n=38) and after 24 weeks to 8.05%\u00b11.79% (n=25) (each p&lt;0.001 vs baseline), whereas no significant change from baseline was noted in patients receiving placebo. Increases in the Omega-3 Index in KOC-treated patients persisted through week 48. After patients switched from placebo to KOC at 24 weeks, the mean Omega-3 Index showed a rapid and significant increase (from 4.63%\u00b11.39% at week 24 (n=26) to 7.50%\u00b11.75% at week 48 (n=12); p&lt;0.001). Although there were no changes in disease activity in the study population overall, SLEDAI-2K scores decreased significantly in the KOC group during the 24-week randomised period among those who had high disease activity at baseline (SLEDAI-2K \u22659) (p=0.04, p=0.02 and p=0.01 vs placebo at 4, 8 and 16 weeks, respectively; n=9 per group). KOC was well-tolerated, with no significant safety concerns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>KOC corrected omega-3 deficiency in patients with SLE. Supplementation with KOC was safe and decreased disease activity in those with more active disease. These findings warrant further evaluation of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation with KOC in the management of SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT03626311\">NCT03626311<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2024-001201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T04:13:46Z","timestamp":1721016826000},"page":"e001201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Correction of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency and improvement in disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with krill oil 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