{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:58:46Z","timestamp":1793069926844,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To obtain updated estimates on the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the UK, over the period 1990\u20132020, using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study using the CPRD covering the period 1990\u20132020. A case ascertainment algorithm was developed in line with best practice recommendations for observational research. Incidence was calculated per 100\u2009000 person-years and point prevalence (at the mid-year point) calculated per 100\u2009000. Results were stratified by sex.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>9443 SLE cases were identified. 5278 incident cases were identified (4538 women, 740 men). The overall incidence rate was 5.47 (95% CI 5.33 to 5.62) cases per 100\u2009000 person-years. Incidence rates decreased slightly across the study period, which was more pronounced for women than men. Point prevalence increased over time, from 21.4 (95% CI 17.68 to 25.67) per 100\u2009000 in 1990 to 107.14 (95% CI 103.26 to 111.12) per 100\u2009000 in 2020.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The observed fivefold increase in prevalence of SLE over the last 30 years, in the context of a modest decline in incidence rate, may suggest improved outcomes in SLE and has important implications for healthcare service delivery and planning in the UK.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2024-001213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]],"date-time":"2024-07-27T06:50:13Z","timestamp":1722063013000},"page":"e001213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Changes in the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus between 1990 and 2020: an observational study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9343-809X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Ellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK"},{"name":"Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D","family":"Pauling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Westbury on Trym, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3047-500X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian N","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Charlton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"McGrogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9015-7762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Skeoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK"},{"name":"Rheumatology, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091514003476000_11.2.e001213.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.137"},{"key":"2025091514003476000_11.2.e001213.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken477"},{"key":"2025091514003476000_11.2.e001213.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2020-000469","article-title":"Living with systemic lupus erythematosus in 2020: a European patient survey","volume":"8","author":"Cornet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2025091514003476000_11.2.e001213.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2020.04.014"},{"key":"2025091514003476000_11.2.e001213.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00668-1"},{"key":"2025091514003476000_11.2.e001213.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206334"},{"key":"2025091514003476000_11.2.e001213.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22683"},{"key":"2025091514003476000_11.2.e001213.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1199"},{"key":"2025091514003476000_11.2.e001213.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv098"},{"key":"2025091514003476000_11.2.e001213.10","unstructured":"CPRD . 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