{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:41:41Z","timestamp":1787503301172,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been shown to reduce thrombotic events in patients with SLE. However, the antiplatelet effects of HCQ are only supported by the platelet aggregation assay, which is a non-physiological test. The total thrombus-formation analysis system (T-TAS) is a microchip-based flow chamber system that mimics physiological conditions and allows for the quantitative analysis of thrombogenicity. The present study investigated the antiplatelet effects of HCQ using T-TAS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was a single-centre cross-sectional study on 57 patients with SLE. We measured the area under the pressure curve for 10\u2009min (PL-AUC\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and the time to 10\u2009kPa (T\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) in patients with SLE using T-TAS and examined their relationships with the use of HCQ. PL-AUC\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      and platelet aggregation were also measured at several HCQ concentrations using blood samples from healthy donors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PL-AUC\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      was significantly lower in the HCQ\/real body weight (RBW) \u22655\u2009mg\/kg group than in the &lt;5\u2009mg\/kg group, while T\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      was similar, indicating that HCQ inhibited overall thrombus formation rather than the initiation of thrombus formation. The antiplatelet effects of HCQ were initially detected at HCQ\/RBW of approximately 4\u2009mg\/kg and reached a plateau at around 5.5\u2009mg\/kg. The administration of HCQ\/RBW &gt;4.6\u2009mg\/kg clearly exerted antiplatelet effects. Additionally, HCQ inhibited thrombus formation in T-TAS and the platelet aggregation response to epinephrine in a dose-dependent manner.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We demonstrated the antiplatelet effects of HCQ under conditions simulating the physiological environment by using T-TAS and identified the range of doses at which HCQ exerted antiplatelet effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2024-001223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T19:45:16Z","timestamp":1720467916000},"page":"e001223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Antiplatelet effects of hydroxychloroquine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus evaluated by the total thrombus-formation analysis system (T-TAS)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3645-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ishizaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yamanouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Blood Transfusion and Cell Therapy, Ehime University Hospital, Toon, 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Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal medicine, Saiseikai Imabari Hospital, Imabari, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Suemori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatic Center, Ozu Memorial Hospital, Ozu, 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