{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:30:29Z","timestamp":1791304229302,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Juvenile SLE (jSLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the presence of high levels of autoantibodies, predominantly targeting nuclear antigens, resulting in a breakdown of self-tolerance. However, its pathogenesis is multifactorial and poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-\u03baB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-\u03b3) as biomarkers for jSLE.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this study, serum NF-\u03baB and PPAR-\u03b3 levels were determined by immunoassay in 42 patients with jSLE. In addition, 19 juvenile systemic sclerosis (jSSc) and 25 age-matched healthy children were selected as patient control and healthy control, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serum NF-\u03baB levels in patients with jSLE demonstrated a positive trend towards elevation compared with the controls with no significant difference (p=0.030). In addition, serum NF-\u03baB levels in patients with jSSc were significantly higher than that of the healthy controls (p=0.005). Serum PPAR-\u03b3 levels were tend to be lower in both patients with jSLE and jSSc compared with the controls, with no significant difference. Specifically, NF-\u03baB levels were significantly higher in patients with jSLE with cumulative damage (PedSDI\u22651) compared with those without, at p=0.044. Logistic regression showed that PPAR-\u03b3 levels lower than 2.42\u2009ng\/mL were associated with the development of jSLE (OR 7.59) and lower than 2.16\u2009ng\/mL for jSSc (OR 10.90). The combined high levels of NF-\u03baB with low PPAR-\u03b3 increased the risk of developing jSSc by 21.33-fold.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The observed trend of elevated NF-\u03baB levels and decreased PPAR-\u03b3 levels in our study suggests their potential as biomarkers associated with increased proinflammatory signalling in jSLE and jSSc. However, our findings must be regarded as hypothesis-generating and confirmed in larger datasets. Moreover, their roles in monitoring the course of a disease and guiding therapeutic strategies in juvenile systemic autoimmune diseases need to be clearly investigated. Further extension of these findings may lead to better management and improvement in the outcomes of such patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2024-001263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T12:00:38Z","timestamp":1736337638000},"page":"e001263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Interplay of NF-\u03baB and PPAR-\u03b3 transcription factors in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sinem","family":"Durmus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, \u0130zmir Katip \u00c7elebi University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sezgin","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health and Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amra","family":"Adrovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health and Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenan","family":"Barut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health and Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remise","family":"Gelisgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, 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