{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:09:45Z","timestamp":1787508585894,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Health, Taipei Government, Taiwan","award":["11201-62-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11201-62-023"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health, Taipei Government, Taiwan","award":["11301-62-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11301-62-007"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health, Taipei Government, Taiwan","award":["TPCH-111-42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TPCH-111-42"]}]},{"name":"Department of Health, Taipei Government, Taiwan","award":["TPCH-112-38, TPCH-111-42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TPCH-112-38, TPCH-111-42"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The interaction between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and genetic factors can lead to epigenetic modifications, potentially increasing the risk of SLE development. However, the impact of PM2.5 on incident SLE development remains unelucidated. This study investigated the effects of year-to-year variations in PM2.5 exposure on incident SLE risk in Taiwanese adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this longitudinal study, we followed up 268\u2009254 adults from the Taiwan MJ cohort (2005\u20132017) for 9.8 years to identify incident SLE cases, ascertained from patients\u2019 clinical and laboratory reports. Residential address-specific annual PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from Taiwan Air Quality-Monitoring sites. We employed a time-dependent Cox regression model, considering death as a competing risk, to assess the impact of year-to-year variations of PM2.5 exposure on SLE development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      During 2\u2009628\u2009889 person-years of follow-up, 151 (0.1%) individuals developed new-onset SLE. Participants with higher levels of PM2.5 exposure (per 5 \u03bcg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      increase) had significantly higher risk of incident SLE (adjusted HR 3.35; 95% CI 2.94 to 3.82). We observed a significant positive linear relation between increasing level of PM2.5 exposure and higher risk of incident SLE in all individual subgroups after stratifying study subjects by age and sex (p&lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PM2.5 exposure emerged as a risk factor for incident SLE. Air pollution mitigation strategies should be considered as a preventive measure for SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2024-001385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T08:58:51Z","timestamp":1753088331000},"page":"e001385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Higher PM2.5 exposure increases the risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective cohort study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yun-Ju","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Puli Branch of Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Health Care Management, National 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