{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:24:34Z","timestamp":1777501474845,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":174,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gusu Health Talent Plan of Suzhou","award":["GSWS2022043, 2022194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSWS2022043, 2022194"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate serum glutathione reductase (GR) levels in patients with SLE and to assess its association with disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The retrospective study collected clinical data, including serum GR, complement (C) 3 and C4 levels, among patients with SLE. The SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI 2000) and SLE Disease Activity Score (SLE-DAS) were calculated, and C3 and C4 were used as controls to assess the importance of serum GR levels in evaluating SLE disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serum GR levels were significantly higher in patients with SLE (n=142) than in healthy controls (n=100). Serum GR levels were positively correlated with SLEDAI 2000 (\u03c1=0.335) and SLE-DAS (\u03c1=0.454) values in patients with SLE. Further, C3 and C4 were negatively correlated with SLEDAI 2000 (\u03c1 = \u22120.544 and \u22120.418) and with SLE-DAS (\u03c1 = \u22120.290 and \u22120.242). Fisher\u2019s Z test showed that GR was inferior to C3; however, similar to C4 in the correlation with SLEDAI 2000, whereas GR was comparable to C3 but superior to C4 in the correlation with SLE-DAS. The identification of moderate-to-severe disease activity based on SLEDAI 2000 of &gt;6 revealed a receiver operating characteristic curve area under the curve (AUC) for GR of 0.700 (95% CI: 0.617 to 0.774), which was comparable to the AUC for C3 (0.784, 95%\u2009CI: 0.707 to 0.848) and C4 (0.697, 95%\u2009CI: 0.615 to 0.771); in determining moderate-to-severe disease activity as defined by SLE-DAS of &gt;7.64, GR (0.767, 95%\u2009CI: 0.689 to 0.834) was equal to C3 (0.661, 95%\u2009CI: 0.576 to 0.738) but superior to C4 (0.617, 95%\u2009CI: 0.532 to 0.698).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serum GR levels are positively correlated with SLE disease activity and exhibit clinical value in identifying moderate-to-severe disease activity in SLE.<\/jats:p>\n               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