{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T05:45:41Z","timestamp":1793857541081,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":127,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Rising-Star Program","award":["24YF2725100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24YF2725100"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Pujiang Young Rheumatologists Training Program","award":["SPROG2401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPROG2401"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) lacks evidence-based treatment strategies. This study compared the effectiveness and safety profiles of obinutuzumab (OBZ) and rituximab (RTX) in patients with NPSLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with new-onset NPSLE meeting British Isles Lupus Assessment Group grade A criteria who received either OBZ or RTX between 2018 and 2024 at Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (with \u226512\u2009months follow-up) were included. Propensity score matching (1:2 ratio) based on age, sex and SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) was performed. The primary outcome was complete or partial response at 12 months. Kaplan-Meier curves compared therapeutic effectiveness. Safety profiles of OBZ and RTX were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>27 patients with new-onset NPSLE were included in this retrospective study, with 9 patients receiving OBZ and 18 patients receiving RTX. At 12 months, the primary outcome was achieved in 8 of 9 patients in the OBZ group and 13 of 18 patients in the RTX group (88.9% vs 72.2%; OR: 3.08, 95% CI 0.30 to 31.33; p=0.34). Compared with the RTX group, the OBZ group demonstrated higher lupus low disease activity state attainment (74.1% vs 52.3%; p=0.049), lower SLEDAI-2000 Scores (median (IQR): 2 (1\u20132) vs 4 (2\u20134.25); p=0.04) and a trend towards higher B cell depletion rates at 12 months (57.1% vs 20.0%; p=0.08). OBZ treatment significantly shortened hospitalisation by 7\u2009days (14.7\u00b15.4 vs 21.9\u00b111.9\u2009days; p=0.04) and achieved a deeper B cell depletion at 6 months (median CD19+B cells: 0.4 (0\u20131.4) vs 3.5 (2\u201319.3)\u2009cells\/\u00b5L; p=0.01), compared with the RTX group. Safety profiles were comparable between groups, with both treatments well tolerated. No deaths occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest OBZ may induce superior clinical responses in NPSLE through enhanced B cell depletion, with acceptable safety at 12 months, calling for further exploration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2025-001754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T07:05:31Z","timestamp":1762326331000},"page":"e001754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of obinutuzumab and rituximab for treating neuropsychiatric lupus: a retrospective case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"12","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04221477","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4647-6130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huijing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2570-4576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangfang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010700555003000_12.2.e001754.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000682","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"32","author":"Moore","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin 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group","volume":"31","author":"Wollaston","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026010700555003000_12.2.e001754.8","first-page":"288","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000","volume":"29","author":"Gladman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026010700555003000_12.2.e001754.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207726"},{"key":"2026010700555003000_12.2.e001754.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224762"},{"key":"2026010700555003000_12.2.e001754.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.07.009","article-title":"The role of B cells and autoantibodies in neuropsychiatric lupus","volume":"15","author":"Wen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2026010700555003000_12.2.e001754.12","first-page":"802","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of anti-CD20 antibody rituximab for patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"27","author":"Iwata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus (Los Angel)"},{"key":"2026010700555003000_12.2.e001754.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-024-00632-y","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Update","volume":"26","author":"Unal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"2026010700555003000_12.2.e001754.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41608","article-title":"The Type II Anti-CD20 Antibody Obinutuzumab (GA101) Is More Effective Than Rituximab at Depleting B Cells and Treating Disease in a Murine Lupus Model","volume":"73","author":"Marinov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis 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