{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:28:28Z","timestamp":1792787308514,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hebei Provincial Department of Science and Technology and Hebei Provincial Health Commission (Central guidance for local scientific","award":["246Z7757G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["246Z7757G"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05a7g7f24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) levels and peripheral lymphocyte subsets between children with new childhood-onset SLE and healthy controls across different seasons, and to explore the relationships of seasonal 25-(OH)D concentrations with the disease activity and peripheral lymphocyte subsets in paediatric patients with SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted, enrolling 285 patients with new childhood-onset SLE and 175 healthy children. All participants were divided into a winter-spring group and a summer-autumn group according to sampling seasons. Serum 25-(OH)D levels and peripheral lymphocyte subsets were detected and quantified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with healthy controls, patients with SLE presented with significantly higher proportions of CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells (p&lt;0.05), alongside lower total lymphocyte counts, lower percentages of CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells and Natural Killer(NK) cells, reduced CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      \/CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ratio and decreased serum 25(OH)-D levels (all p&lt;0.05). Within the SLE cohort, patients in the summer-autumn SLE group had markedly higher serum level of 25-(OH)D levels than those in the winter-spring group (18.1 vs 22.8\u2009ng\/mL; p&lt;0.001). 25-(OH) D deficiency was correlated with a higher prevalence of lupus nephritis, higher Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scores and lower serum calcium levels. In both seasonal subgroups, serum calcium and serum albumin showed weak positive correlations with serum 25-(OH)D levels. A moderate negative correlation was observed between SLEDAI-2K scores and 25-(OH)D levels in the winter-spring group, while only a weak negative correlation was detected in the summer-autumn group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum 25-(OH)D levels are affected by seasonal changes and closely correlated with disease activity in children with SLE. Patients with new childhood-onset SLE manifest abnormal peripheral lymphocyte subsets and insufficient 25-(OH)D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2026-002044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T17:15:13Z","timestamp":1788282913000},"page":"e002044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Seasonal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in new childhood-onset SLE: associations with disease activity and peripheral lymphocyte subsets"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4422-624X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shufeng","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingxiao","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingjie","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zanhua","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 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