{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:03:54Z","timestamp":1790697834165,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785110400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) occurs in approximately 5\u201310% of patients with SLE and it is traditionally associated with higher disease activity, increased damage accrual and reduced survival. SLE management recommendations partially address disease-related haematological manifestations without specific indication for AIHA treatment. Indeed, therapeutic approaches are prevalently extrapolated from the haematology field. In the present report, we aimed at describing a case series of patients with SLE and AIHA successfully treated with anifrolumab (ANF).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We described patients with SLE treated by ANF with active AIHA at the drug initiation. Clinical and laboratory data were reported in a standardised electronic form, including laboratory evidence of haemolysis. Overall disease activity was assessed by using the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2k). We collected patients data at baseline (T0), after 1\u2009month (T1) and every 3\u2009months thereafter.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included seven patients (6F\/1M, median age 61 years (IQR 33), median disease duration 48 months (IQR 72)). All the patients had a positive direct Coombs test and laboratory evidence of active haemolysis at ANF starting. During treatment, we observed a progressive increase in haemoglobin (Hb) levels, with a statistically significant difference compared with baseline after 3 months of treatment (p=0.02). In parallel we registered the increase in RBC count, without the need to perform RBC transfusions after ANF starting. Overall disease activity significantly improved during the follow-up, with significant reduction of mean SLEDAI-2k values after 6 months of treatment (p=0.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present case-series study, we provide the first report about the benefit of ANF in the treatment of SLE-related AIHA, a rare but potentially severe manifestation associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In our cohort, ANF treatment was associated with a rapid and sustained increase in Hb levels, evident already at 1\u2009month and progressively improving up to 6\u2009months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2026-002063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T13:20:24Z","timestamp":1785158424000},"page":"e002063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting type I interferon in lupus autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: first report with anifrolumab"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5026-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvia","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5169-3511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"De Angelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Bottazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danila","family":"Madonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melania Alessia","family":"Coscia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Ospedaliera di Caserta Sant\u2019Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noemi","family":"Italiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Ospedaliera di Caserta Sant\u2019Anna e San Sebastiano, Caserta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Praino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barletta Hospital, Barletta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Sabatini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Clinicizzato SS Annunziata, Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Santo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barletta Hospital, Barletta, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cavagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14207304","article-title":"Hematologic Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Clinical Features and Prognostic Implications in a Hematology-Referred Cohort","volume":"14","author":"Yuce Inel","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40930","article-title":"2019 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"71","author":"Aringer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320936347","article-title":"Classical complement activation on human erythrocytes in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus and a history of autoimmune hemolytic anemia","volume":"29","author":"Hair","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00413-1"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keg069"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224762"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.70331","article-title":"Warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia: Clinical considerations","volume":"208","author":"Murakhovskaya","year":"2026","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.8","first-page":"288","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000","volume":"29","author":"Gladman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2025-001830","article-title":"Measurement of haemolytic anaemia in a novel treatment response measure for SLE clinical trials","volume":"13","author":"Connelly","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u00f6nnblom L . Systemic lupus erythematosus: from an adverse event of interferon administration to a disease with new treatment options. Ups J Med Sci 2025;130. doi:10.48101\/ujms.v130.13677","DOI":"10.48101\/ujms.v130.13677"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.041673"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e208","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30076-1","article-title":"Type I interferon inhibitor anifrolumab in active systemic lupus erythematosus (TULIP-1): a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"1","author":"Furie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912196"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2024.105830","article-title":"Rapid response to anifrolumab in lupus related joint involvement as assessed by ultrasonography: A case series study","volume":"92","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e181","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(25)00316-9","article-title":"Patient profiles and early response in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus initiating anifrolumab: interim analysis from the ongoing multicentre observational REVEAL study","volume":"8","author":"Tani","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026092908101317000_13.2.e002063.16","article-title":"Efficacy of anifrolumab as a first-line therapy for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report","volume":"43","author":"Bottazzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Lupus Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/lupus-2026-002063","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:14:29Z","timestamp":1790694869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/lupus.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/lupus-2026-002063"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/lupus-2026-002063"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/lupus-2026-002063","relation":{},"ISSN":["2053-8790"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2053-8790","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}}}