{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:28:27Z","timestamp":1792787307066,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":76,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82305173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82305173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Hangzhou Natural Science Foundation","award":["2025SZRJJ0200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025SZRJJ0200"]}]},{"name":"the Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","award":["2024JKZKTS14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JKZKTS14"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04epb4p87","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","award":["ZCLMS26H2702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZCLMS26H2702"]}]},{"name":"he National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development","award":["U21A20402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U21A20402"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The association between SLE and composite stroke, ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke remains incompletely understood. This meta-analysis aims to assess the risk of stroke in patients with SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data sources included PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and reference lists of included studies. This meta-analysis included cohort studies evaluating whether stroke risk is associated with SLE. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs were pooled using a random-effects model, and publication bias was assessed with funnel plots and Egger\u2019s test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 25 cohort studies involving 5\u2009220\u2009837 individuals were included in this meta-analysis, which were published between 2001 and 2026. The pooled analysis demonstrated a significantly increased risk of stroke in patients with SLE (RR of 2.60, 95%\u2009CI 2.21 to 3.05,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2=97.9%, p&lt;0.001). The risk of composite stroke (RR of 2.83, 95%\u2009CI 2.25 to 3.57,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2=98.0%, p&lt;0.001), ischaemic stroke (RR of 2.34, 95%\u2009CI 1.75 to 3.12,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2=97.6%, p&lt;0.001) and haemorrhagic stroke (RR of 2.66, 95%\u2009CI 1.57 to 4.49,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00b2=96.2%, p&lt;0.001) was also increased in SLE. Despite the large heterogeneity, the sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust, and there was little evidence of publication bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of composite stroke, ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke is increased in SLE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CRD420261294082.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2026-002161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:56:20Z","timestamp":1789480580000},"page":"e002161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk of stroke in SLE: a systematic review 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