{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T11:04:00Z","timestamp":1789643040367,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":78,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Lupus Sci Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Global collaboration is a key driver of advances in complex diseases such as lupus, yet its distribution and structure remain insufficiently characterised. This study aimed to analyse global authorship, productivity and collaboration patterns in lupus publications over the last 10 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A bibliometric analysis of lupus-related publications indexed in PubMed between April 2016 and 2026 was conducted. Author affiliations were disambiguated and mapped to countries. Productivity indicators (number of authors and publications), population-standardised metrics and collaboration measures, including coauthorship patterns and the International Collaborative Index (ICI), were calculated. Network visualisation was performed using VOSviewer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 22\u2009813 publications involving 76\u2009536 authors across 142 countries were identified, with a 74% increase in annual output over the study period. China and the USA had the highest numbers of authors and publications, while smaller countries such as Iceland and Greece ranked highest when adjusted per capita. Most publications (83.1%) were single-country studies. The USA was the central hub of international collaboration, with the highest number of links (n=115) and total link strength. The most frequent collaborations involved the USA, particularly with the UK and China. Countries such as Iceland and Uruguay showed high ICI values, whereas China and Japan had lower international collaboration levels. Network analysis revealed a core-periphery structure dominated by North America and Western Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lupus research is expanding but remains concentrated within a limited number of countries. International collaboration is uneven, highlighting the need for more inclusive global research partnerships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2026-002169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:40:19Z","timestamp":1789641619000},"page":"e002169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Global author collaborations in lupus research and publications: a meta-research and network analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8077-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Arnaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, INSERM UMR-S 1109, Academic Hospitals of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, Grand Est, France"},{"name":"National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases (RESO), H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2580-8607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francois","family":"Chasset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CIMI, INSERM U1135, Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Tenon, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases (RESO), H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0647-929X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo J","family":"Pons-Estel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Oro\u00f1o - Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumaticas (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1126-8315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Piga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091703401020000_13.2.e002169.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(24)00398-2"},{"key":"2026091703401020000_13.2.e002169.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2024.103648","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: An update","volume":"23","author":"Arnaud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2026091703401020000_13.2.e002169.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2023.105523","article-title":"New biologics and targeted therapies in systemic lupus: From new molecular targets to new indications. A systematic review","volume":"90","author":"Felten","year":"2023","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"2026091703401020000_13.2.e002169.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2018-000303","article-title":"10 most important contemporary challenges in the management of SLE","volume":"6","author":"Felten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2026091703401020000_13.2.e002169.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103887","article-title":"Social determinants of health and disparities across the Patient pathway in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a narrative review","volume":"24","author":"Guimar\u00e3es de Oliveira","year":"2025","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2026091703401020000_13.2.e002169.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.55563\/clinexprheumatol\/d2qz38","article-title":"The added value of a European Reference Network on rare and complex connective tissue and musculoskeletal diseases: insights after the first 5 years of the ERN ReCONNET","volume":"40 Suppl 134","author":"Talarico","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026091703401020000_13.2.e002169.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-025-03674-8","article-title":"European Reference Network (ERN) ReCONNET methodology for the cross-cultural adaptation of instruments for research and care in the context of rare connective tissue diseases (CROSSADAPT)","volume":"20","author":"Arnaud","year":"2025","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"2026091703401020000_13.2.e002169.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e505","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(25)00063-3","article-title":"ERN ReCONNET-SLICC-SLEuro expert consensus on the therapeutic management of rare systemic lupus erythematosus manifestations","volume":"7","author":"Arnaud","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026091703401020000_13.2.e002169.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keae227","article-title":"Challenges and opportunities in access to care for systemic lupus erythematosus patients across Europe and worldwide","volume":"63","author":"Mosca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2026091703401020000_13.2.e002169.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newman MEJ . 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