{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:44:18Z","timestamp":1793227458763,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Med Ethics"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This article investigates a high-profile and ongoing dilemma for healthcare professionals (HCPs), namely whether the existence of a (legal) duty of care to genetic relatives of a patient is a help or a hindrance in deciding what to do in cases where a patient\u2019s genetic information may have relevance to the health of the patient\u2019s family members. The English case\n                    <jats:italic>ABC v St George\u2019s Healthcare NHS Trust and others<\/jats:italic>\n                    considered if a duty of confidentiality owed to the patient and a putative duty of care to the patient\u2019s close relatives could coexist in this context. This article examines whether embracing the concept of coexisting duties could enable HCPs to respect duties in line with their clinical judgement, thereby providing legal support and clarity to professionals to allow them to provide the best possible genetics service to both the patient and their family. We argue that these dual duties, framed as a novel, composite duty to consider the interests of genetic relatives, could allow HCPs to exercise and act on their professional judgements about the relative value of information to family members, without fears of liability for negligence or breach of confidence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2018-105229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]],"date-time":"2019-05-23T17:17:11Z","timestamp":1558631831000},"page":"504-507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Familial genetic risks: how can we better navigate patient confidentiality and appropriate risk disclosure to relatives?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4095-3677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward S","family":"Dove","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Chico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Fay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law, Keele University, Keele, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Laurie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3324-4338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anneke M","family":"Lucassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"},{"name":"Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Postan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1409"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0968533216653440"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0968533216664113"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.4","first-page":"120","article-title":"A duty to warn relatives in clinical genetics: arguably \u2018fair just and reasonable\u2019 in English law?","volume":"32","author":"Mitchell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tottels J Prof Neglig"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/15718093-12252373"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2017.257"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laurie G . Genetic privacy: a challenge to medico-legal norms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511495342"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.8","unstructured":"Ginsburg G , Willard H . Genomic and precision medicine: foundations, translation, and implementation. 3rd edn. London: Elsevier, 2017."},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.9","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Care. Matt Hancock announces ambition to map 5 million genomes. 2018. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/matt-hancock-announces-ambition-to-map-5-million-genomes (accessed 7 Mar 2019)."},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.10","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health. All of Us Research Program. https:\/\/allofus.nih.gov (accessed 7 Mar 2019)."},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.11","unstructured":"Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Initiative. https:\/\/h3africa.org (accessed 7 Mar 2019)."},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.12","unstructured":"NHS England. NHS Genomic Medicine Service. 2018. https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/genomics\/nhs-genomic-med-service\/ (accessed 7 Mar 2019)."},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.13","unstructured":"General Medical Council. Confidentiality: good practice in handling patient information: General Medical Council, 2017, revised in May 2018."},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.14","unstructured":"Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Pathologists and British Society for Human Genetics. Consent and confidentiality in clinical genetic practice: guidance on genetic testing and sharing genetic information. Report of the Joint Committee on Medical Genetics. 2nd edn. London: RCP, RCPath, 2011."},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7458.165"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.16","unstructured":"ABC v St George\u2019s Healthcare NHS Trust [2015] EWHC 1394 (QB); [2017] EWCA Civ 336 (CA)."},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chico V . Reasonable expectations of privacy in non-disclosure of familial genetic risk: What is it reasonable to expect? Eur J Med Genet. In Press. 2018.doi:10.1016\/j.ejmg.2018.11.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2018.11.013"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bioe.12448"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jlme.12118"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-018-0138-y"},{"key":"2025092413463921000_45.8.504.21","first-page":"835","article-title":"W v. Egdell","volume":"[1990]1","author":"Great Britain. England. Court of Appeal, Civil Division","year":"1989","journal-title":"All Engl Law Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/medethics-2018-105229","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T20:46:48Z","timestamp":1758746808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jme.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/medethics-2018-105229"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/medethics-2018-105229"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/medethics-2018-105229","relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-6800","1473-4257"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-6800","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-4257","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,23]]}}}