{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T04:16:41Z","timestamp":1780546601209,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719360000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S033793\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S033793\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Humanities"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Birthing pools are a common feature of maternity units across Europe and North America, and in home birth practice. Despite their prevalence and popularity, these blue or white, often bulky plastic objects have received minimal empirical or theoretical analysis. This article attends to the emergence, design and meaning of such birthing pools, with a focus on the UK in the 1980s and 1990s. Across spheres of media, political and everyday debate, the pools characterise the paradoxes of \u2018modern maternity\u2019: they are \u2018fluidly\u2019 timeless and new, natural and medical, homely and unusual, safe and risky. Beyond exploring the contradictions of \u2018modern maternity\u2019, we also make two key interventions. First, we contend that modern maternity has substantially expanded in recent decades to hold and include additional ideas about comfort and experience. Second, we flag the culturally specific notions of \u2018modernity\u2019 at play in modern births: the popularity of the birthing pool was typically among white, middle-class women. We argue that birthing pools have had an impact at a critical moment in birthing people\u2019s care, and we map out the uneven and unjust terrains through which they have assumed cultural and medical prominence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2023-012820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T13:32:44Z","timestamp":1719408764000},"page":"312-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Fluid modernities: the birthing pool in late twentieth-century Britain"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3106-7764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Bates","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"History, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3926-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Crane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8922-2499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Fannin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.1","unstructured":"\u201cAbout the Birth Centre of New Jersey!\u201d 2023. Available from: http:\/\/birthcenternj.com\/about-us\/"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/991436"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6983.837"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arnold-Forster A. , and Bates V. . 2024. \u201cCare and Crisis: Making Beds in the National Health Service.\u201d Journal of British Studies: 1\u201327. doi:10.1017\/jbr.2023.138","DOI":"10.1017\/jbr.2023.138"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03724-6","article-title":"\u201cWaterbirth: A National Retrospective Cohort Study of Factors Associated with Its Use among Women in England.\u201d","volume":"21","author":"Aughey","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.6","unstructured":"Balaskas J . 1988. \u201cWater Birth.\u201d New Generation 5."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.7","unstructured":"Balaskas J. , and Brainin K. . 1993. \u201cDesign Guide \u2013 Birthing Pool Units.\u201d Hospital Development: 23\u201325"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/tcbh\/hwac020","article-title":"\u201cCold White of Day: White, Colour, and Materiality in the Twentieth-Century British Hospital.\u201d","volume":"34","author":"Bates","year":"2023","journal-title":"Twentieth Century British History"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.9","unstructured":"Bates V. , Crane J. , and Fannin M. . Forthcoming \u201cThe Construction and Politics of \u2018Birth Experience\u2019 in Britain, 1948-93.\u201d Cultural History"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.10","unstructured":"Bauman Z . 2000. Liquid Modernity. Polity."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.11","unstructured":"Beech B . 2000. \u201cWaterbirth - Time to Move Forward.\u201d AIMS Journal. Available from: https:\/\/www.aims.org.uk\/journal\/item\/waterbirth-time-to-move-forward. Accessed 4 Sep 2023."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.12","unstructured":"Belooussova E . 2002. \u201cThe \u2018Natural Childbirth\u2019 Movement in Russia: Self-Representation Strategies.\u201d Anthropology of East Europe Review 20 (1). https:\/\/scholarworks.iu.edu\/journals\/index.php\/aeer\/article\/view\/381."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/pastj\/gtaa031","article-title":"\u201cBecoming the \u2018Natural\u2019 Mother: Power, Emotions, and \u2018Natural\u2019 Childbirth between 1947 and 1967.\u201d","volume":"246","author":"Bourke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Past & Present"},{"issue":"9022","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)65592-4","article-title":"\u201cBirthing Pools and Infection Control.\u201d","volume":"348","author":"Brocklehurst","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byrne J . 1991. \u201cTesting the Water.\u201d Guardian: 17","DOI":"10.1179\/bac.1991.17.3-4.001"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.289.6447.721"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.17","unstructured":"Chartered Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors . 2020. \u201cCase Study 18: Improving Birthing Pool Design.\u201d Available from: http:\/\/activebirthpools.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Improving-birthing-pool-design.pdf. Accessed 1 Sep 2023."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.18","unstructured":"Chatterjee P . 1997. Our Modernity. Rotterdam & Dakar: Sephis."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.19","unstructured":"Chidi E . 2021. \u201cPrologue.\u201d In Designing Motherhood: Things That Make and Break Our Births, 9. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.20","unstructured":"Cooper E . 1990. \u201cThrowing the Baby in with the Bath Water.\u201d Observer: 49"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.21","unstructured":"Corbishley H . 1989. \u201cWater Birth Workshop.\u201d New Generation 10."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0960777322000145","article-title":"\u201cAgents of Change? Families, Welfare and Democracy in Mid-to-Late Twentieth Century Europe.\u201d","volume":"32","author":"Crane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Contemporary European History"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.23","unstructured":"Creed F. , and Marland H. . 2023. \u201cImproving Maternity Care through Women\u2019s Voices: The Women\u2019s Health Strategy Continues a Long Process of Advocacy, History and Policy.\u201d Available from: https:\/\/www.historyandpolicy.org\/policy-papers\/papers\/improving-maternity-care-through-womens-voices-the-womens-health-strategy-continues-a-long-process-of-advocacy. Accessed 10 May 2024."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis A . 2012. Modern Motherhood: Women and Family in England, 1945-2000. Manchester: Manchester University Press.","DOI":"10.7228\/manchester\/9780719084553.001.0001"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.25","unstructured":"Department of Health . 1992. \u201cChanging Childbirth and the Maternity Services Report, \u2018Winterton Report.\u2019\u201d London HMSO"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.26","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Security . 1970. \u201cDomiciliary Midwifery and Maternity Bed Needs.\u201d London: HMSO"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1080\/17406315.2020.1757381","article-title":"\u201cHomeliness in Health Care: The Role of Everyday Designing.\u201d","volume":"16","author":"Duque","year":"2019","journal-title":"Home Cultures"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enkin M . 1984. \u201cFamily-Centred Obstetrics.\u201d In Pregnancy Care for the 1980s, edited by Zander L. and Chamberlain G. . London: Palgrave.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-17389-1_9"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8330.00337"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.30","first-page":"A6","article-title":"\u201c12\u2005What Evidence Informs Midwifery Clinical Practice When Women Make Birthing Decisions That Are Outside of Guidelines? \u2013 An Empirical Study of UK Midwives Working in the NHS.\u201d","volume":"23","author":"Feeley","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.31","unstructured":"Five X More . 2022. \u201cThe Black Maternity Experiences Survey: A Nationwide Study of Black Women\u2019s Experiences of Maternity Services in the United Kingdom.\u201d Available from: https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/5ee11f70fe99d54ddeb9ed4a\/t\/628a8756365828292ccb7712\/1653245787911\/The+Black+Maternity+Experience+Report.pdf"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.32","unstructured":"Flint C . 1996. \u201cWater Birth and the Role of the Midwife.\u201d In Water Birth Unplugged: Proceedings of the First International Water Birth Conference, edited by Beech B. A. L. , 60\u201362. Hale: Books for Midwives Press."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.33","unstructured":"Garland D . 1996. \u201cThe Role of the Midwifery Supervisor.\u201d In Water Birth Unplugged: Proceedings of the First International Water Birth Conference, edited by Beech B. A. L. , 70\u201376. Hale: Books for Midwives Press."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.34","unstructured":"Garland D . 2000. Waterbirth: An Attitude to Care. Hale, Cheshire: Books for Midwives Press."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gilbert D. , Matless D. , and Short B. , eds. 2003. Geographies of British Modernity: Space and Society in the Twentieth Century. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470752258"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.36","unstructured":"Gordon Y . 1996. \u201cWater Birth - the Safety Issues.\u201d In Water Birth Unplugged: Proceedings of the First International Water Birth Conference, edited by Beech B. A. L. . Hale: Books for Midwives Press."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.37","unstructured":"Hanson C . 2004. A Cultural History of Pregnancy: Pregnancy, Medicine and Culture 1750-2000. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.38","unstructured":"Health and Safety Executive . 2018. \u201cManual Handling Risks to Midwives Associated with Birthing Pools: Literature Review and Incident Analysis.\u201d Available from: https:\/\/www.hse.gov.uk\/research\/rrpdf\/rr1132.pdf. Accessed 1 Sep 2023."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.39","unstructured":"House of Commons Health Committee . 2003. \u201cChoice in Maternity Services Ninth Report of Session 2002-3, Volume 1.\u201d Available from: https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/cm200203\/cmselect\/cmhealth\/796\/796.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1353\/ghs.2009.0004","article-title":"\u201cMaternity and Modernity in the Gold Coast, 1920s\u20131950s.\u201d","volume":"12","author":"Hugon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ghana Studies"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.41","unstructured":"Jenkins R . 1996. \u201cAssessing the Effect of a New Health Technology.\u201d In Water Birth Unplugged: Proceedings of the First International Water Birth Conference, edited by Beech B. A. L. , 53\u201359. Hale: Books for Midwives Press."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.42","unstructured":"MacDonald V . 1993. \u201cA Water Birth That Went Swimmingly Well.\u201d Daily Telegraph 5"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.43","unstructured":"Marks K . 1993. \u201cHospital Tells of Baby Death under Birth-Pool Labour.\u201d Daily Telegraph"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.44","unstructured":"Mass Observation Project . 1993 \u201cResponses to the 1993 Autumn\/Winter Directive Part 2, Birth Experience.\u201d Available from: https:\/\/www.massobservationproject.amdigital.co.uk\/Documents\/Detail\/1993-autumnwinter-directive-part-2\/9732727"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.45","unstructured":"Maternity Services Advisory Committee . 1983. \u201cRedrafting of the second report 'Care During Childbirth'; report on the revision of Hospital Building Note No. 21\", The National Archives, JA 382\/20."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.46","unstructured":"MBRRACE-UK . 2019. \u201cSaving Lives, Improving Mothers\u2019 Care: Lessons Learned to Inform Maternity Care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity, 2015-2017.\u201d Available from: https:\/\/www.npeu.ox.ac.uk\/assets\/downloads\/mbrrace-uk\/reports\/MBRRACE-UK%20Maternal%20Report%202019%20-%20WEB%20VERSION.pdf"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McIntosh T . 2012. A Social History of Maternity and Childbirth: Key Themes in Maternity Care. Milton Keynes: Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203124222"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.48","unstructured":"Melaniphy O . 1989. \u201cWater Baby in a Hurry.\u201d New Generation 11."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.49","unstructured":"Millar Fisher M. , and Winick A. . 2021. Designing Motherhood: Things That Make and Break Our Births. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03416-7","article-title":"\u201cFactors Influencing Water Immersion during Labour: Qualitative Case Studies of Six Maternity Units in the United Kingdom.\u201d","volume":"20","author":"Milosevic","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.51","unstructured":"Ministry of Health . 1959. \u201cReport of the Maternity Services Committee (Cranbrook Report).\u201d London HMSO"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.52","first-page":"509","article-title":"\u201cMaking the Patient-Consumer in Margaret Thatcher\u2019s Britain.\u201d","volume":"54","author":"Mold","year":"2011","journal-title":"Historical Journal (Cambridge, England)"},{"issue":"8365\u201366","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90816-4","article-title":"\u201cBirth under Water.\u201d","volume":"2","author":"Odent","year":"1983","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"9154","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)76145-6","article-title":"\u201cLifeline-Michel Odent.\u201d","volume":"353","author":"Odent","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.55","unstructured":"Ogborn M . 1998. Spaces of Modernity: London\u2019s Geographies 1680-1780. London: Guildford Press."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/shm\/hks062"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.57","unstructured":"Pallot P . 1993. \u201cHealth Chief Alerted after Babies Die during Water Births.\u201d The Daily Telegraph: 1"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parrish Morgan A . 2023. Stroller. London: Bloomsbury.","DOI":"10.5040\/9781501386695"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.1983.tb01422.x","article-title":"\u201cGenevi\u00e8ve\u2019s Birth at Pithiviers.\u201d","volume":"10","author":"Quinlan","year":"1983","journal-title":"Birth (Berkeley, Calif.)"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.60","unstructured":"Raphael A.-J . 2010. \u201cNatural Childbirth in Twentieth Century England: A History of Alternative Approaches to Birth From the 1940s to the 1990s.\u201d Available from: https:\/\/qmro.qmul.ac.uk\/xmlui\/handle\/123456789\/1601?show=full. Accessed 5 Apr 2023."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.61","unstructured":"Reuters. 15 October 1993 \u201cDoctors Ask Britain to Investigate \"Water babies\u201d\u201d"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2023.102973","article-title":"\u201cBeyond Homeliness: A Photo-Elicitation Study of the \u2018Homely\u2019 Design Paradigm in Care Settings.\u201d","volume":"79","author":"Richards","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"issue":"9007","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90195-6","article-title":"\u201cBirthing Pools and Infection Control.\u201d","volume":"347","author":"Ridgway","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"9022","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)65590-0","article-title":"\u201cBirthing Pools and Infection Control.\u201d","volume":"348","author":"Roome","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.65","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists\/Royal College of Midwives . 2006. \u201cJoint Statement No.1.\u201d Available from: http:\/\/activebirthpools.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/05\/RCOG-waterbirth.pdf. Accessed 1 Sep 2023."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.66","unstructured":"Shearer P. , and Gray J. . 1994. \u201cVehicle for Change.\u201d Hospital Development: 13\u201315"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tew M . 1990. \u201cSafer Childbirth?\u201d In Safer Childbirth? A Critical History of Maternity Care. Boston, MA: Chapman and Hall. doi:10.1007\/978-1-4899-2975-4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2975-4"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.68","unstructured":"Thomas C . n.d. \u201cThe History of Water Birth, Baby Centre Blog.\u201d Available from: https:\/\/www.babycentre.co.uk\/a542003\/the-history-of-water-birth. Accessed 19 Apr 2024."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.69","unstructured":"The Times. 14 August 1992. \u201cBirth of an Enterprise \u2013 Maternity in the Private Sector,\u201d 12"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.70","unstructured":"The Times. 16 October 1993 \u201cUnnecessary Pain \u2013 There are no medals for bravery in childbirth,\u201d 17"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.71","unstructured":"Tonetti E . 1995. \u201cWhat If Nothing Is Holding You Back?\u2019, Birth into Being.\u201d Available from: https:\/\/www.birthintobeing.com\/waterbirth. Accessed 10 Jan 2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1093\/shm\/hkaa067","article-title":"\u201cProblems of Progress: Modernity and Writing the Social History of Medicine.\u201d","volume":"34","author":"Waddington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social History of Medicine"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weingarten K . 2023. Pregnancy Test. London: Bloomsbury.","DOI":"10.5040\/9781501376573"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.74","unstructured":"Wellcome Collection . n.d. \u201cThe Archive of Sheila Kitzinger (1929-2015).\u201d Available from: https:\/\/wellcomecollection.org\/works\/z53cpms6"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.75","unstructured":"Williams L . 1989. \u201cNaturally Relaxing.\u201d New Generation 11."},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willis J. , Goad P. , and Logan C. . 2018. Architecture and the Modern Hospital: Nosokomeion to Hygeia. London: Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429434495"},{"key":"2025092412292025000_50.2.312.77","unstructured":"Young Historians Project . 2022. \u201cA Hidden History: African Women and the British Health Service.\u201d Available from: https:\/\/www.younghistoriansproject.org\/_files\/ugd\/5865f8_7da7314224e74c77a2d98b2ea7eb9d99.pdf"}],"container-title":["Medical Humanities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/medhum-2023-012820","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T19:29:37Z","timestamp":1758742177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mh.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/medhum-2023-012820"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/medhum-2023-012820"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/medhum-2023-012820","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-215X","1473-4265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1468-215X","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-4265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}}}