{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T22:10:57Z","timestamp":1784239857545,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Humanities"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Family-centred intervention optimises the development of communication abilities and academic outcomes in children with hearing loss. Cognisance of family values, respect for family differences and adaptations to cultural and linguistic diversity ensure the collaboration of parent-professional relationships. This study investigated the parental involvement and parental perceptions regarding the communication intervention approaches implemented (i.e., traditional speech-language therapy and listening and spoken language-South Africa\u2014adapted Auditory Verbal Therapy) for children with profound hearing loss. The study was conducted at special schools for children with hearing loss across four provinces in South Africa, where grade-level core skills are taught using a mainstream curriculum complemented by specialised instruction. Data were collected through a parental self-administered survey and a retrospective record review. An inductive analysis of transcripts was conducted, and the Fisher\u2019s exact test assessed associations between data sets. Findings demonstrated limited informational counselling provided to parents regarding communication intervention options. Following the initiation of the communication intervention process, findings indicate parental buy-in, fuelled by their aspirations for their child with a hearing loss. Although results suggest that parents prefer a listening and spoken language therapeutic communication modality, this approach is hindered by the lack of culturally sensitive and linguistically appropriate care. This is an important finding, particularly in multilingual and multicultural contexts like South Africa. These context-specific outcomes emphasise that communication interventionists must be cognizant of parental-informed decision-making, cultural contexts and linguistic sensitivity for effective parent-professional collaborations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2024-012900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T02:45:15Z","timestamp":1737427515000},"page":"246-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploration of parental perspectives and involvement in therapeutic communication approaches for deaf and\/or hard-of-hearing children at special schools in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Aisha","family":"Casoojee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Humanities, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katijah","family":"Khoza-Shangase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Humanities, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amisha","family":"Kanji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Humanities, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14689\/issn.2148-2624.1.4c3s5m"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.2","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association . 2008. \u201cGuidelines for Audiologists Providing Informational and Adjustment Counseling to Families of Infants and Young Children with Hearing Loss Birth to 5 Years of Age\u201d. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Available from: http:\/\/www.asha.org\/policy\/GL2008-00289"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.3","unstructured":"ATLAS.ti . 2023. \u201cRigor and Transparency in Report Writing\u201d. ATLAS.ti. Available from: https:\/\/atlasti.com\/guides\/qualitative-research-guide-part-3\/rigor-transparency"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.4","unstructured":"Auditory Verbal UK . 2023. \u201cAuditory Verbal Therapy Position Paper\u201d. Auditory Verbal UK. Available from: https:\/\/www.avuk.org\/auditory-verbal-therapy-position-paper"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/105381510102400101"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.6","unstructured":"Balton S. , Vallabhjee A. , and Burger E. . 2020. \u201cEarly Childhood Intervention: The Gauteng Experience\u201d. South African Health Review. doi:10.10520\/ejc-healthr-v2020-n1-a13"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beazley S. , and Moore M. C. . 2013. Deaf Children and Their Families. David Fulton Publishers EBooks. David Fulton Publishers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315067698.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315067698"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.8","unstructured":"Betancourt J. R. , Green A. R. , and Carrillo J. E. . 2002. Cultural Competence in Health Care: Emerging Frameworks and Practical Approaches (Vol. 576). New York, NY: Commonwealth Fund, Quality of Care for Underserved Populations."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.7196\/SAJCH.2018.v12i4.1522","article-title":"\u201cUniversal Newborn Hearing Screening in Public Healthcare in South Africa: Challenges to Implementation\u201d","volume":"12","author":"Bezuidenhout","year":"2018","journal-title":"South African Journal of Child Health"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2022.v112i2.16018"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.11","article-title":"\u201cHow Effective Is Auditory-Verbal Therapy (AVT) for Building Language Development of Children with Cochlear Implants? A Systematic Review\u201d","volume":"11","author":"Binos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres13010015"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(16)31389-7"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2019_JSLHR-19-00230"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v17i4.24","article-title":"\u201cThe Reality of Every Day Communication for a Deaf Child Using Sign Language in a Developing Country\u201d","volume":"17","author":"Blose","year":"2017","journal-title":"African Health Sciences"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.09.047"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.18","first-page":"314","article-title":"\u201cIdentification and Management of Childhood Hearing Loss\u201d","volume":"30","author":"Butler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Continuing Medical Education"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/5.2.140"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.01.029"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.21","first-page":"e1","article-title":"\u201cCommunication Intervention in South Africa: Advocating for the Listening and Spoken Language Approach\u201d","volume":"71","author":"Casoojee","year":"2024","journal-title":"The South African Journal of Communication Disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Kommunikasieafwykings"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casoojee A. , Kanji A. , and Khoza-Shangase K. . 2021. \u201cTherapeutic Approaches to Early Intervention in Audiology: A Systematic Review\u201d. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 150 (November). doi:10.1016\/j.ijporl.2021.110918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2021.110918"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casoojee A. , Khoza-Shangase K. , and Kanji A. . 2024. \u201cA Comparative Study of Learning Outcomes for Hearing-Impaired Foundation Phase Learners\u201d. South African Journal of Childhood Education 14 (1). doi:10.4102\/sajce.v14i1.1419","DOI":"10.4102\/sajce.v14i1.1419"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000003374"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.25","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2018. \u201cWhat Is \u2018Early Intervention\u2019?\u201d Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/actearly\/parents\/states.html. Accessed 11 Apr 2018."},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1034912X.2019.1693033"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2017.1385865"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60951-X"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2016.1228127"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061508","article-title":"\u201cUnderstanding the Impact of Child, Intervention, and Family Factors on Developmental Trajectories of Children with Hearing Loss at Preschool Age: Design of the AChild Study\u201d","volume":"11","author":"Dall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.31","unstructured":"Daniel W. W . 2013. Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences. 10th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10522158.2020.1852639"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/aad.2012.1631"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/desc.13481","article-title":"\u201cExposure to Sign Language Prior and after Cochlear Implantation Increases Language and Cognitive Skills in Deaf Children\u201d","volume":"27","author":"Delcenserie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Developmental Science"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13668250410001662874"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/journalofethics.2016.18.4.sect1-1604"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e3182839650"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1525740117705116"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-021-00804-9","article-title":"\u201cBridging the Health Inequality Gap: An Examination of South Africa\u2019s Social Innovation in Health Landscape\u201d","volume":"10","author":"de Villiers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/aad.2012.0087"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.41","unstructured":"Estabrooks W. , Morrison H. M. , and MacIver-Lux K. . 2020. Auditory-Verbal Therapy: Science, Research, and Practice. Google Books. Plural Publishing."},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17955\/tvr.110.3.616"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.43","article-title":"\u201cThe Practices, Challenges and Recommendations of South African Audiologists Regarding Managing Children with Auditory Processing Disorders\u201d","volume":"63","author":"Fouch\u00e9-Copley","year":"2016","journal-title":"The South African Journal of Communication Disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Kommunikasieafwykings"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.44","unstructured":"Ganek H. , and Cardy J. . 2021. \u201cExploring Speech and Language Intervention for Preschoolers Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing: A Scoping Review\u201d. The Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention 2: 87\u2013100."},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2012.04.004"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.46","first-page":"189","article-title":"\u201cBarriers and Facilitators to Cultural Competence in Early Hearing Loss Services: A Qualitative Analysis\u201d","volume":"43","author":"Grandpierre","year":"2019","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology (CJSLPA)"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10087"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.48","unstructured":"Gray Group International Insights . 2023. \u201cMaximizing Potential: The Power of Early Childhood Intervention\u201d. Available from: https:\/\/www.graygroupintl.com\/blog\/early-childhood-intervention"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02687030903168220"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.50","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cThe Acquisition of Clicks by Xhosa-Speaking Children\u201d","volume":"20","author":"Gxilishe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Per Linguam"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-017-2287-y"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmqr.2021.100022"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.53","unstructured":"Health Professions Council of South Africa . 2018. \u201cEarly Hearing Detection and Intervention Guidelines\u201d. Available from: http:\/\/www.hpcsa.co.za\/Uploads\/editor\/UserFiles\/downloads\/speech\/Early_Hearing_Detection_and_Intervention_(EHDI)_2018.pdf"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.54","unstructured":"Health Professions Council of South Africa . 2019. \u201cGuidelines for Practice in a Culturally and Linguistically Diverse South Africa 2019 1 PROFESSIONAL BOARD for SPEECH, LANGUAGE and HEARING PROFESSIONS GUIDELINES for PRACTICE in a CULTURALLY and LINGUISTICALLY DIVERSE SOUTH AFRICA\u201d. Available from: https:\/\/www.hpcsa.co.za\/Uploads\/SLH\/Guidelines%20for%20practice%20in%20a%20culturally%20and%20linguistically%20divers---.pdf"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061548","article-title":"\u201cMultidimensional Family-Centred Early Intervention in Children with Hearing Loss: A Conceptual Model\u201d","volume":"11","author":"Holzinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17955\/tvr.112.3.m.710"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ingber S. , and Most T. . 2018. \u201c38. Parental Involvement in Early Intervention for Children with Hearing Loss,\u201d 793\u2013810. De Gruyter EBooks.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781614514909-039"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.58","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cYear 2000 Position Statement: Principles and Guidelines for Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Programs\u201d","volume":"4","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15142\/fptk-b748"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.04.033"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanji A. , and Casoojee A. . 2021. Approaches to Early Intervention for Hearing Impairment. Wits University Press EBooks. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18772\/22021026567.12","DOI":"10.18772\/22021026567.12"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14643154.2018.1506072"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09575146.2013.823382"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v10i1.1848","article-title":"\u201cThe Hearing Screening Experiences and Practices of Primary Health Care Nurses: Indications for Referral Based on High-Risk Factors and Community Views about Hearing Loss\u201d","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khoza-Shangase K . 2022. \u201cEarly Hearing Detection and Intervention: Considering the Role of Caregivers as Key Co-Drivers within the African Context\u201d. In Preventive Audiology: An African Perspective, edited by Khoza-Shangase K . Cape Town: AOSIS Publishing (Pty) Ltd.","DOI":"10.18772\/22021026567"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.66","first-page":"e1","article-title":"\u201cLanguage and Culture in Speech-Language and Hearing Professions in South Africa: The Dangers of a Single Story\u201d","volume":"65","author":"Khoza-Shangase","year":"2018","journal-title":"The South African Journal of Communication Disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Kommunikasieafwykings"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.67","first-page":"e1","article-title":"\u201cLanguage and Culture in Speech-Language and Hearing Professions in South Africa: Re-Imagining Practice\u201d","volume":"68","author":"Khoza-Shangase","year":"2021","journal-title":"The South African Journal of Communication Disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Kommunikasieafwykings"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2023.2229731"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.69","unstructured":"Kuper H. , and Haness-Hancock J. . 2020. \u201cFraming the Debate on How to Achieve Equitable Health Care for Persons with Disabilities in South Africa\u201d. South African Health Review 2020"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.07.029"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-linguistics-043020-092357"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.2.162"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maluleke N. P. , Chiwutsi R. , and Khoza-Shangase K. . 2021. \u201cFamily-Centred Early Hearing Detection and Intervention\u201d. Early Detection and Intervention in Audiology 196. doi:10.18772\/22021026567.16","DOI":"10.18772\/22021026567.16"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44250-022-00013-7"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.75","unstructured":"Maluleke N. P. , Khoza-Shangase K. , and Kanji K. . 2022. \u201cFamily-Centered Early Intervention for Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: An Integrative Review\u201d. Journal of Hearing Science 12 (1)"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12646"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/leap.1480"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.78","article-title":"\u201cAre South African Speech-Language Therapists Adequately Equipped to Assess English Additional Language (EAL) Speakers Who Are from an Indigenous Linguistic and Cultural Background? A Profile and Exploration of the Current Situation\u201d","volume":"63","author":"Mdladlo","year":"2016","journal-title":"The South African Journal of Communication Disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Kommunikasieafwykings"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.14064"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.3.e43","article-title":"\u201cEarly Intervention and Language Development in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing\u201d","volume":"106","author":"Moeller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ent034"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moodley S. , and Storbeck C. . 2015. \u201cNarrative Review of EHDI in South Africa\u201d. South African Journal of Communication Disorders 62 (1). doi:10.4102\/sajcd.v62i1.126","DOI":"10.4102\/sajcd.v62i1.126"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.83","first-page":"441","article-title":"\u201cThe Scholastic Achievement of Profoundly Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants Compared to Their Normal Peers\u201d","volume":"12","author":"Motasaddi-Zarandy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of Iranian Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.84","first-page":"e1","article-title":"\u201cAnalysis of Barriers and Facilitators to Early Hearing Detection and Intervention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa\u201d","volume":"69","author":"Naidoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"The South African Journal of Communication Disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Kommunikasieafwykings"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.85","unstructured":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders . 2021. \u201cQuick Statistics about Hearing\u201d. NIDCD. Available from: https:\/\/www.nidcd.nih.gov\/health\/statistics\/quick-statistics-hearing"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17955\/tvr.111.2.m.666"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pascoe M. , and Norman V. . 2011. \u201cContextually-Relevant Resources in Speech-Language Therapy and Audiology in South Africa: Are There Any?\u201d South African Journal of Communication Disorders 58 (1). doi:10.4102\/sajcd.v58i1.35","DOI":"10.4102\/sajcd.v58i1.35"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2010\/09-0079)"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14670100.2017.1389020"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-020-00488-6","article-title":"\u201cSustainable Workforce: South African Audiologists and Speech Therapists\u201d","volume":"18","author":"Pillay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Human Resources for Health"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-023-00465-0"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_JSLHR-22-00505"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/eny019"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2307\/525576","article-title":"\u201cRace as Common Sense: Racial Classification in Twentieth-Century South Africa\u201d","volume":"44","author":"Posel","year":"2001","journal-title":"African Studies Review"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prelock P . 2021. Communication Interventions, 1102\u20134. Springer EBooks. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-91280-6_768.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91280-6_768"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/aad.2012.0198"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.97","unstructured":"Rhoades E. A. , and Duncan J. , eds. 2017. An International Perspective on Audiologic Rehabilitation. Auditory Verbal Practice: Family Centered Early Intervention. Charles C Thomas Publisher Ltd."},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_JSLHR-L-18-0079"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2011\/10-0055)"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1558\/jircd.v5i2.167"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/IYC.0b013e3182673e12"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.102","unstructured":"Samuelsson C. , Danielsson H. , Lyxell B. , and Plejert C. . 2024. \u201cEarly Lexical Development and Development of Gestures in Children with Typical Development, Children with Chochlear Implants, and Children with Developmental Language Disorders\u201d. In Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology: Shaping the Next 10 Years"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.103","unstructured":"SAS Institute Inc . 2010. SAS Software, Version 9.4 for Windows. Cary, NC, USA: SAS Institute Inc."},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2016.1256504"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-023-02579-z"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/njcp.njcp_139_20"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.107","first-page":"e1","article-title":"\u201cParental Views on Informational Counselling Provided by Audiologists for Children with Permanent Childhood Hearing Loss\u201d","volume":"68","author":"Shezi","year":"2021","journal-title":"The South African Journal of Communication Disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Kommunikasieafwykings"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Slentz K. L. , and Krogh S. L. . 2017. Early Childhood Development and Its Variations. London and New York: Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781351225588"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.109","first-page":"E1","article-title":"\u201cThe Challenge of Linguistic and Cultural Diversity: Does Length of Experience Affect South African Speech-Language Therapists\u2019 Management of Children with Language Impairment?\u201d","volume":"62","author":"Southwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"The South African Journal of Communication Disorders = Die Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Kommunikasieafwykings"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.110","unstructured":"Stacy Crouse . 2020. \u201cCoaching Parents in Auditory Verbal Therapy\u201d. Stacy Crouse. Available from: https:\/\/www.stacycrouse.com\/post\/coaching-parents-in-auditory-verbal-therapy"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.111","first-page":"26","article-title":"\u201cUnderstanding and Using Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research\u201d","volume":"44","author":"Stahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Developmental Education"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.112","unstructured":"Stephan T. , and Manning K. . 2017. \u201cParent-Implemented Early Language Intervention: What Really Works?\u201d Available from: https:\/\/www.hanen.org\/SiteAssets\/Helpful-Info\/Whitepapers\/parent-implemented-early-language-intervention-wha.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-016-0574-1","article-title":"\u201cThe HI HOPES Data Set of Deaf Children under the Age of 6 in South Africa: Maternal Suspicion, Age of Identification and Newborn Hearing Screening\u201d","volume":"16","author":"St\u00f6rbeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sultana N. , and Purdy S. C. . 2024. \u201cSupporting Children\u2019s Communication Development through Parental Education.\u201d IntechOpen EBooks. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.1006856.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.1006856"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.115","unstructured":"Taylor A . 2016. \u201cAuditory-Verbal Therapy with Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Children in Gauteng, South Africa\u201d, University of the Witwatersrand. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10539\/22428."},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volterra V. , and Gullberg M. . 2008. \u201cGestures and Some Key Issues in the Study of Language Development\u201d. In Gestures in Language Development, edited by de Bot K. , 3\u201333. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.","DOI":"10.1075\/bct.28.03gul"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.117","unstructured":"Western Cape Government . 2022. \u201cCarel Du Toit\u201d. Western Cape Government. Available from: https:\/\/www.westerncape.gov.za\/facility\/carel-du-toit"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1464315414Z.00000000060"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.119","unstructured":"Wieber W. B. , and Sumner L. Q. . 2015. The Role of Culturally-Appropriate Play in Child Development. Chapter 24. The NCHAM E-Book."},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1754762813Y.0000000062"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/146431502790560935"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.123","first-page":"253","article-title":"\u201cInformed Choice, Deaf Children and Families - Underpinning Ideas and Project Development\u201d","volume":"3","author":"Young","year":"2005","journal-title":"Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/146431505790560400"},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.125","unstructured":"Young A. M . 2003. \u201cParenting and Deaf Children - a Psycho-Social Literature Based Framework\u201d. In Parenting and Deaf Children - a Psycho-Social Literature Based Framework. National Deaf Children\u2019s Society."},{"key":"2025102010150834000_51.2.246.126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2017.1297491"}],"container-title":["Medical Humanities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/medhum-2024-012900","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T17:16:16Z","timestamp":1760980576000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mh.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/medhum-2024-012900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":126,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/medhum-2024-012900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/medhum-2024-012900","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-215X","1473-4265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1468-215X","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-4265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]}}}