{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T10:05:49Z","timestamp":1779271549097,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20CYY010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20CYY010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Med Humanities"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Interdiscursivity refers to the blending of multiple discourses, genres, or styles within a single communicative event. This study investigates the interdiscursivity of Chinese public health risk communication letters issued during major health crises over the past two decades, including SARS, H1N1, COVID-19 and seasonal influenza. It examines how multiple discourse types\u2014advice-giving, scientific, literary, authoritative, affective and informal\u2014are interwoven and strategically adapted across different crises to guide public behaviour, mobilise communities and foster trust. Using qualitative document analysis combined with thematic analysis, the study traces the historical evolution of these interdiscursive patterns and situates them within China\u2019s broader public health documentary heritage. The findings demonstrate that these letters not only translate abstract risks into actionable guidance but also serve as instruments for documenting sociocultural shifts and governance practices, and for supporting collective memory and institutionalised learning. By linking the diachronic evolution of interdiscursive strategies to the social and documentary functions of public health communication, this study highlights the dual role of risk communication letters as both practical tools and enduring public health documents, offering insights for future communication strategies in health crises.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2025-013656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T18:20:30Z","timestamp":1765304430000},"page":"264-275","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interdiscursivity and its historical shifts in China\u2019s public health risk communication letters: from SARS to the post-COVID-19 era"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7840-8995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyue","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Culture and Communication, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1824-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sizheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Culture and Communication, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/1750481309351208","article-title":"Interdiscursivity in professional communication","volume":"4","author":"Bhatia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Discourse Commun"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prentice M , Barker M . Intertextuality and interdiscursivity. In: Baker LD , ed. Oxford bibliographies in anthropology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017.","DOI":"10.1093\/obo\/9780199766567-0171"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.3","first-page":"1312","article-title":"Studies on Interdiscursivity","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sino-US Eng. Teach."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.4","first-page":"1530","article-title":"Interdiscursivity in Blog Communication: The Case of Russian Journalists\u2019 Blogs","volume":"26","author":"Kozhemyakin","year":"2013","journal-title":"World Appl Sci J"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esp.2020.11.003","article-title":"A genre-based exploration of intertextuality and interdiscursivity in advertorial discourse","volume":"62","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"English for Specific Purposes"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2020-012045"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.7","unstructured":"Eburuaja C . Intertextuality and Interdiscursivity in Political Discourse: An Analysis of President Tinubuae\u2122 s Acceptance Speech. IJAAS 2023;9."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.24093\/awej\/vol11no3.37","article-title":"A Validity-Theoretic Approach to Interdiscursivity in Theresa May\u2019s 2019 Resignation Speech","volume":"11","author":"Salama","year":"2020","journal-title":"AWEJ"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1515\/text-2019-2027","article-title":"Genre shifts in Israeli campaign advertisements: Strategies and rhetorical functions","volume":"39","author":"Shukrun-Nagar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Text & Talk"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1515\/text-2020-0067","article-title":"Employing political persuasion to manage rapport: qualitative analysis of campaign leaflets in Sheffield Central constituency","volume":"42","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Text & Talk"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1177\/1750481318757779","article-title":"Coercive, mimetic and normative: Interdiscursivity in Malaysian CSR reports","volume":"12","author":"Rajandran","year":"2018","journal-title":"Discourse Commun"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1515\/text-2020-0089","article-title":"\u201cTogether we can all make little steps towards a better world\u201d: interdiscursive construction of ecologically engaged voices in YouTube vlogs","volume":"42","author":"Sok\u00f3\u0142","year":"2022","journal-title":"Text & Talk"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1177\/1750481311418097","article-title":"Confidentiality at risk: The interdiscursive construction of International Commercial Arbitration","volume":"5","author":"Corona","year":"2011","journal-title":"Discourse Commun"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1515\/text-2013-0041","article-title":"Professional e-mail communication in higher education in Hong Kong: a case study","volume":"34","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Text & Talk"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.15","first-page":"230","article-title":"Interdiscursivity functions of incident reports","volume":"7","author":"Rahman","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAEBS"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.16","unstructured":"WHO . Emergencies: risk communication. World Health Organization:Geneva; 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/emergencies-risk-communication [Accessed 16 May 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.17","first-page":"197","article-title":"The Dissemination and Official Regulation of Disaster Information in the Song Dynasty","volume":"40","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"JSMU (HSS Edition)"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":". Benedict C. Bubonic plague in nineteenth-century China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press; 1996.","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503616134"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.19","unstructured":"Stanley A . Measures employed to combat the epidemic. In: Strong RP , ed. Report of the International plague conference held at Mukden; Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1911:458\u201367."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.20","first-page":"225","article-title":"The historical data of pandemic influenza in China from 1918 to 1920 in the Shun Pao","volume":"50","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.21","first-page":"158","article-title":"The epidemic and prevention of the 1918 influenza in China from the perspective of Ta Kung Pao","volume":"51","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Shi Za Zhi"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.22","unstructured":"Hu S . Cholera prevention and control. People\u2019s Daily; 1950."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.23","unstructured":"Peiqing Z . Cholera epidemic prevention in ningbo in 1930s and 1940s. In: Wang J , Achour B , Huang CY , eds. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2021); Qingdao.Dordrecht:Atlantis Press, 2021:1190\u20137."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.24","unstructured":"Xinhua News Agency . The scientific research committee for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis decided to promote the short-course antimony therapy. People\u2019s Daily; 1956."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.25","unstructured":"Beijing News Office . Diphtheria cases detected in beijing. citizens should take preventive measures \uff1a children under ten years old should be taken to public hospitals for free vaccination. People\u2019s Daily; 1950."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.26","first-page":"29","article-title":"The Spread and Control of the 1910-1911 Plague from the Perspective of Ta Kung Pao","volume":"30","author":"Jidong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Univ Jinan"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.62787\/mhm.v2i4.128","article-title":"Research on the Health Communication of Health and Epidemic Prevention Policies and Knowledge in Modern Newspapers and Magazines","volume":"2","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"MHM"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.28","unstructured":"Huang J . A Study of a Unique Propaganda Document: the Gao Shu. Archives Science Bulletin 2013;47\u20139. doi:10.16113\/j.cnki.daxtx.2013.02.013"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.29","unstructured":"Herron L . Open letter from the Public Health Agency to people \u2018at risk\u2019 regarding the seasonal flu and COVID-19 vaccines. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.publichealth.hscni.net\/news\/open-letter-public-health-agency-people-risk-regarding-seasonal-flu-and-covid-19-vaccines [Accessed 11 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.30","unstructured":"The Royal College of Nursing . Letter to UK supermarkets. 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.rcn.org.uk\/About-us\/Our-Influencing-work\/Open-letters\/letter-to-uk-supermarkets [Accessed 12 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.31","unstructured":"UK Behavioural Scientists . Open letter from behavioural scientists to the UK government regarding Covid-19. 2020. Available: https:\/\/covid19.public-inquiry.uk\/documents\/inq000214043-open-letter-from-behavioural-scientists-to-the-uk-government-regarding-covid-19-dated-14-03-2020\/ [Accessed 12 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01174-2","article-title":"Open letter in support of WHO","volume":"405","author":"Bozicevic","year":"2025","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.33","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Open Letter to the American People about the H1N1 Flu Vaccine. 2010. Available: https:\/\/archive.cdc.gov\/www_cdc_gov\/h1n1flu\/open_letter_h1n1_vaccine.htm [Accessed 11 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.34","unstructured":"363 Canadian experts . Letter: Time for government to take aerosol transmission of COVID-19 seriously. 2021. Available: https:\/\/learnfromcovid.com\/letter-time-for-government-to-take-aerosol-transmission-of-covid-19-seriously\/ [Accessed 12 Nov 2022]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.35","unstructured":"Health, Seniors and Long-Term Care . Letter for contacts of avian influenza \u2013 important information to protect yourself and your community. 2025. Available: https:\/\/www.gov.mb.ca\/health\/publichealth\/environmentalhealth\/docs\/avian_contact_letter.pdf"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.36","unstructured":"CSO Mpox Coordination Group . Strengthening collaboration for health security \u2014 open letter to the Africa CDC. 2025. Available: https:\/\/www.pandemicactionnetwork.org\/policies-and-actions\/strengthening-collaboration-for-health-security-open-letter-to-the-africa-cdc\/ [Accessed 12 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.37","unstructured":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res . MSF \u201copen letter\u201d to the South African government. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.msf.org\/msf-open-letter-south-african-government [Accessed 12 Feb 2003]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.38","unstructured":"Australian Doctors Federation . Open Letter - Alternative Response to COVID-19 for Victoria. 2020. Available: https:\/\/ausdoctorsfederation.org.au\/2020\/09\/03\/open-letter-alternative-response-to-covid-19-for-victoria\/ [Accessed 12 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.39","unstructured":"Lay B , Zheng Z , Kow ZS . Healthcare workers pen anonymous open letters: s\u2019pore nurses can\u2019t even rest. 2022. Available: https:\/\/mothership.sg\/2022\/02\/healthcare-worker-open-letter-gan-kim-yong\/ [Accessed 12 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.40","unstructured":"Global Preparedness Monitoring Board . Pandemic accord requires leadership now - an open letter signed by more than 40 former heads of state and senior global leaders. 2024. Available: https:\/\/www.gpmb.org\/news\/news\/item\/30-01-2024-pandemic-accord-requires-leadership-now---an-open-letter-signed-by-more-than-40-former-heads-of-state-and-senior-global-leaders [Accessed 12 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.41","unstructured":"Asian News International . Union Health Secy writes to States, UTs over rising H1N1, H3N2 cases. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.aninews.in\/news\/national\/general-news\/union-health-secy-writes-to-states-uts-over-rising-h1n1-h2n3-cases20230311150548\/ [Accessed 12 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.42","unstructured":"New Zealand College of Midwives . Open letter to hap\u016b w\u0101hine, pregnant women, pregnant people, wh\u0101nau and families welcoming a new p\u0113pi\/baby(ies) about the Covid-19 vaccination from ng\u0101 Kaiwhakawh\u0101nau \u2013 the Midwives of Aotearoa. 2021. Available: https:\/\/www.midwife.org.nz\/news\/midwives-open-letter\/ [Accessed 12 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.43","unstructured":"Banda F . COVID-19: a strategic response in support of documentary heritage. UNESCO memory of the world programme: Sub-Committee on education and research (SCEaR). SCEaR Newsletter; 2020.15\u20138. Available: https:\/\/www.mowcapunesco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/SCEaRNewsletter2020-1June30.pdf"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.44","unstructured":"Banda F . Documentary heritage is a unique knowledge asset for covid-19 decision-making. 2020. Available: https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/articles\/documentary-heritage-unique-knowledge-asset-covid-19-decision-making [Accessed 7 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/03400352211023786","article-title":"Remembering COVID-19; or, a duty to document the coronavirus pandemic","volume":"48","author":"Kosciejew","year":"2022","journal-title":"IFLA Journal"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1751143720966280"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1177\/1550190620980411","article-title":"Collecting COVID-19: Documenting the CDC Response","volume":"17","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Collections"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.24357","article-title":"Global health crises are also information crises: A call to action","volume":"71","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Assoc Inf Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2020.04.007","article-title":"COVID-19: The first documented coronavirus pandemic in history","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-117","article-title":"Simulation suggests that rapid activation of social distancing can arrest epidemic development due to a novel strain of influenza","volume":"9","author":"Kelso","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-10-2020-0166","article-title":"The nonpharmaceutical interventionist (NPI) signs of the coronavirus pandemic: a documentary typology and case study of COVID-19 signage","volume":"77","author":"Kosciejew","year":"2021","journal-title":"JD"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-04-2021-0079","article-title":"COVID-19 immunity (or vaccine) passports: a documentary overview and analysis of regimes of health verification within the coronavirus pandemic","volume":"78","author":"Kosciejew","year":"2022","journal-title":"JD"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31034-5"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n861","article-title":"Covid-19 vaccine passports: access, equity, and ethics","volume":"373","author":"Osama","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-021-00898-4","article-title":"Learning from the past and present: social science implications for COVID-19 immunity-based documentation","volume":"8","author":"Dada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Humanit Soc Sci Commun"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/shm\/hkac077","article-title":"A Documentary History of the Immunity (or Vaccine) Passport: Health Certificates of Public Health, Personal Identity and Power from the Plague to the Coronavirus Pandemic","volume":"36","author":"Kosciejew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Soc Hist Med"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/jahist\/jaaa455","article-title":"Documenting COVID-19","volume":"107","author":"Franz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Hist"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.58","unstructured":"Day AS . The Maori Malady\": The 1913 smallpox epidemic and its nineteenth century background. University of Auckland, 1998."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3316\/QRJ0902027","article-title":"Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method","volume":"9","author":"Bowen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Qual. Res. J."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106568","article-title":"Examining risk and crisis communications of government agencies and stakeholders during early-stages of COVID-19 on Twitter","volume":"114","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput Human Behav"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.61","first-page":"77","article-title":"Analysis of governmental open letters mobilizing residents in China during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"34","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Discourse Stud"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1177\/14614456221099176","article-title":"Discursive construction in multilingual crisis risk communication: An analysis of \u2018A letter to foreign nationals\u2019 messages in China\u2019s COVID-19 fight","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Discourse Stud"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.63","unstructured":". Fairclough N. Discourse and social change. Cambridge: Polity Press; 1992."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.64","unstructured":"Alabi VT . Intertextuality in discourse: Chief Obasanjo\u2019s open letter to Dr. Jonathan. In: Green CR , Lotven S , eds. The Ghanaian linguistics nexus. Contemporary African linguistics 9. Berlin: Language Science Press, 2024: 167\u201384."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.65","unstructured":"Kristeva J . Desire in language: A semiotic approach to literature and art. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reisigl M , Wodak R . The discourse-historical approach. In: Wodak R , Meyer M , eds. Methods of critical discourse analysis. London: Sage, 2009: 63\u201393.","DOI":"10.4135\/9780857028020.d6"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wodak R . Critical discourse analysis, discourse-historical approach. In: Tracy K , Ilie C , Sandel T , eds. The international encyclopedia of language social interaction. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015: 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118611463.wbielsi116"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.68","unstructured":"Wodak R . The discourse of politics in action: Politics as usual. 2nd edn. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-022-01362-7","article-title":"A stylometric approach to the interdiscursivity of professional practice","volume":"9","author":"Qian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Humanit Soc Sci Commun"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-024-10124-2","article-title":"Cultural Interdiscursivity in Managing Corporate Discourse: A Corpus Analysis","volume":"54","author":"Qian","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Psycholinguist Res"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1108\/CCIJ-03-2020-0051","article-title":"Interdiscursivity in corporate financial communication: an analysis of earnings videos","volume":"26","author":"Rajandran","year":"2020","journal-title":"CCIJ"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1177\/17504813231219790","article-title":"Strategic manoeuvring of argumentation in Chinese corporate public relations discourses","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discourse Commun"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.73","unstructured":". Xu Y. Interdiscursivity, multimodality and corporate communication on social media: a social semiotic analysis of courier companies' weibo posts. PhD thesis, Hong Kong Polytechnic University; 2020."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1075\/ps.17030.han","article-title":"Analyzing interdiscursivity in legal genres: The case of Chinese lawyers\u2019 written opinions","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pragmat. Soc."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcm.2022.100620","article-title":"Remediatisation, media interdiscursivity and ideological ambivalence in online news reports on sexual assault","volume":"48","author":"Lazar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Discourse Context Media"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.linged.2023.101168","article-title":"The dialogism of \u2018telling\u2019: Intertextuality and interdiscursivity in early school writing","volume":"74","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Linguistics Edu"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1080\/13669877.2020.1756386","article-title":"The paradox of trust: perceived risk and public compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore","volume":"23","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Risk Res"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.30658\/jicrcr.4.3.2","article-title":"Messages in Conflict: Examining Leadership Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S","volume":"4","author":"Sellnow-Richmond","year":"2021","journal-title":"JICRCR"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-025-04727-w","article-title":"Navigating health communication in China: a corpus-based critical discourse analysis of COVID-19 news from 2020 to 2023","volume":"12","author":"Lei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Humanit Soc Sci Commun"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3138\/come.2004.1.2.131","article-title":"I didn\u2019t think I was at risk?: Interdiscursive relations in narratives of sexual practices and exposure to HIV","volume":"1","author":"K\u00f6rner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Communication & Medicine"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.81","unstructured":"Yin RK . Case study research: Design and methods. 4th edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2009."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tight M . Documentary research in the social sciences. London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. Available: http:\/\/digital.casalini.it\/9781526480675","DOI":"10.4135\/9781529716559"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690600500107","article-title":"Demonstrating Rigor Using Thematic Analysis: A Hybrid Approach of Inductive and Deductive Coding and Theme Development","volume":"5","author":"Fereday","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Qual Methods"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.12.033","article-title":"(Dis)harmony in times of crisis? An analysis of COVID-related strategic communication by Swiss public health institutions","volume":"228","author":"Ort","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.86","unstructured":". Kadushin A , Kadushin G. The social work interview: A guide for human service professionals. New York: Columbia University Press; 1997."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Locher MA , Limberg H . Introduction to advice in discourse. In: Limberg H , Locher MA , eds. Advice in discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012: 1\u201328.","DOI":"10.1075\/pbns.221.02int"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heritage J , Lindstr\u00f6m A . Advice giving\u2013terminable and interminable: the case of british health visitors. In: Limberg H , Locher MA , eds. Advice in discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2012: 169\u201394.","DOI":"10.1075\/pbns.221.11her"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1037\/apl0000876","article-title":"How employees react to unsolicited and solicited advice in the workplace: Implications for using advice, learning, and performance","volume":"107","author":"Landis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.90","article-title":"Identifying Credible Sources of Health Information in Social Media: Principles and Attributes","volume":"2021","author":"Kington","year":"2021","journal-title":"NAM Perspect"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.91","unstructured":"Callahan JM . The United States\uff1aPolitics versus science?. In: Lilleker D , Coman IA , Gregor M , et al ., eds. Political communication and COVID-19. London: Routledge, 2021: 67\u201378."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.92","unstructured":". Ndlela MN Risk and crisis communication during the covid-19 pandemic: Muddled messages. London: Routledge; 2025."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1075\/ld.00089.dak","article-title":"#StayHome \u2013 A pragmatic analysis of COVID-19 health advice in Saudi and Australian tweets","volume":"11","author":"El-Dakhs","year":"2021","journal-title":"LD"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/1369857031000123948","article-title":"Health risks on the internet: Establishing credibility on line","volume":"5","author":"Richardson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Risk Soc"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.95","unstructured":". Silverman D. Discourses of counselling: HIV counselling as social interaction. London: Sage; 1997."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12889-021-10816-7"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.97","unstructured":". Beck U. Risk society: Towards a new modernity. London: Sage; 1992."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5484-0_13","volume-title":"Carcinogen risk assessment","volume":"3","author":"Slovic","year":"1988"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/17538068.2024.2393918","article-title":"The importance of \u201cdread risk\u201d for vaccine communication","volume":"18","author":"Day","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Commun Healthc"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1080\/14719037.2023.2284224","article-title":"Repairing public trust through communication in health crises: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Management Review"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157986","article-title":"Examining Social Media Crisis Communication during Early COVID-19 from Public Health and News Media for Quality, Content, and Corresponding Public Sentiment","volume":"18","author":"MacKay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.784907","article-title":"Twitter Mediated Sociopolitical Communication During the COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis in India","volume":"12","author":"Jain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pubrev.2020.101909","article-title":"Responding to a Health Crisis on Facebook: The Effects of Response Timing and Message Appeal","volume":"46","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Relat Rev"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.104","unstructured":"Liu M , Xu S . China: diversion, ingratiation and victimisation. In: Lilleker D , Coman IA , Gregor M , et al ., eds. Political communication and COVID-19. London: Routledge, 2021: 34\u201343."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.3035","article-title":"Sharing Solidarity Experiences to Overcome COVID-19","volume":"86","author":"Arab-Zozani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.106","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez S , Rodr\u00edguez AM . Spain \uff1amanaging the uncertain while facing economic collaps. In: Lilleker D , Coman IA , Gregor M , et al , eds. Political communication and COVID-19. London: Routledge, 2021: 145\u201354."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2107498"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/medhum-2025-013239"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.2420200505","article-title":"Cultural\u2013historical knowledge and personal experience in appreciation of literature","volume":"20","author":"Larsen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Euro J Social Psych"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30600-0","article-title":"COVID-19: the medium is the message","volume":"395","author":"Garrett","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.111","unstructured":". Hofstede G. Culture\u2019s consequences: Comparing values, behaviors, institutions and organizations across nations. California: Sage; 2001."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2025.03.022","article-title":"The role and needs of teachers\/schools in infection prevention and control post COVID-19","volume":"242","author":"Ochili","year":"2025","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022197283005"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/09732586211003856","article-title":"The Public\u2019s Perceptions of Government Officials\u2019 Communication in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Bickham","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Creative Communications"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022115592968"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022115619230"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijop.12125"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y . Unraveling the pandemic\u2019s cultural impact: differential changes in collectivism components and the predictive power of covid-19 cases in china. 2024 11th International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing (BESC); Harbin, China: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2024:1\u20136. doi:10.1109\/BESC64747.2024.10780513","DOI":"10.1109\/BESC64747.2024.10780513"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.632204","article-title":"Increase of Collectivistic Expression in China During the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Empirical Study on Online Social Networks","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021793118","article-title":"Collectivism predicts mask use during COVID-19","volume":"118","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.3390\/encyclopedia2030081","article-title":"Culture and COVID-19: Impact of Cross-Cultural Dimensions on Behavioral Responses","volume":"2","author":"Nair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Encyclopedia"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2024.07.022","article-title":"The psychology of pandemic policy support: unraveling the complex interplay of personal values and value congruence across 20 European countries","volume":"236","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.123","unstructured":"Liu M , China XS . Unraveling Crisis Communication \u2013 Assessing Strategies in the COVID-19 Pandemic. In: Coman IA , Gregor M , Lilleker D , eds. Risk communication and COVID-19: Governmental communication and management of pandemic. London: Routledge, 2024: 244\u201357."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022194252007"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022198293005"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.126","first-page":"381","article-title":"Literature and Identity: Examine the Role of Literature in Shaping Individual and Cultural Identities","volume":"10","author":"Altun","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJSSES"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.127","first-page":"386","article-title":"Literature and Social Change: Exploring the Transformative Power of Words","volume":"10","author":"Altun","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJSSES"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.128","unstructured":"WHO . How do public health and social measures (PHSM) work during health emergencies?. 2023. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/who-public-health-and-social-measures-initiative [Accessed 11 Nov 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosciejew M . A Material-Documentary Literacy: Documents, Practices, and the Materialization of Information. The Minnesota Review 2017;96\u2013111. doi:10.1215\/00265667-3787426","DOI":"10.1215\/00265667-3787426"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.3390\/v16101578","article-title":"Mpox in East Africa: Learning from COVID-19 and Ebola to Strengthen Public Health Responses","volume":"16","author":"Gashema","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.131","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . History of 1918 flu pandemic. 2018. Available: https:\/\/archive.cdc.gov\/#\/details?url=https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/flu\/pandemic-resources\/1918-commemoration\/1918-pandemic-history.htm [Accessed 11 2025]."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.132","unstructured":"Erll A . Will COVID-19 become part of collective memory?. In: Rittgerodt R , ed. Perspectives on the pandemic: Thinking in a state of exception. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020: 46\u201350."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chilton P , Sch\u00e4ffner C . Discourse and politics. In: Dijk Ta , ed. Discourse as Social Interaction. London: Sage Publications, 2011: 206\u201330.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446289068.n15"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/semi.1993.97.1-2.79"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.135","unstructured":"Agar M . Institutional discourse. In: Tannen D , Hamilton HE , Schiffrin D , eds. The handbook of discourse analysis. 2nd edn. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2015: 755\u201374."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Dijk TA . Structures of discourse and structures of power. In: Anderson JA , ed. Communication yearbook 12. New York: Routledge, 2012: 18\u201359.","DOI":"10.1080\/23808985.1989.11678711"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.137","unstructured":". Bakhtin MM. The dialogic imagination: Four essays. Austin: University of texas Press; 2010."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.138","unstructured":"Van Dijk TA . Knowledge, discourse and scientific communication. 8th International Public Communication of Science and Technology Conference; Barcelona, Spain, 2004:3\u20136."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.139","unstructured":"Halliday MAK , Martin JR . Writing science: Literacy and discursive power. New York: Routledge, 2014."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10649-021-10059-8","article-title":"Numbers don\u2019t speak for themselves: strategies of using numbers in public policy discourse","volume":"108","author":"Jablonka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educ Stud Math"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2021.646066","article-title":"Communicating Corrected Risk Assessments and Uncertainty About COVID-19 in the Post-truth Era","volume":"6","author":"Fernandes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Commun"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1080\/10350330.2020.1810553","article-title":"Discourse and affect","volume":"31","author":"Milani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Social Semiotics"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":". Searle JR. Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge: Cambridge University; 1969.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139173438"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.144","unstructured":"McCarthy M . Spoken discourse markers in written text. In: Fox G , Hoey M , Sinclair JM , eds. Techniques of description. London: Routledge, 1993: 186\u201398."},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang Y . The \u201cinformality\u201d tendency of public discourse from the perspective of interdiscoursivity. In: Zhang Y , Rumbal I , Volodina T , eds. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2019); Moscow.Dordrecht:Atlantis Press, 2019:776\u201380. doi:10.2991\/cesses-19.2019.176","DOI":"10.2991\/cesses-19.2019.176"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.146","first-page":"131","article-title":"A tale of two genres: Engaging audiences in academic blogs and Three Minute Thesis presentations","volume":"41","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJL"},{"key":"2026052002100596000_52.2.264.147","unstructured":"Miall DS . Literary discourse. In: Graesser AC , Gernsbacher MA , Goldman SR , eds. Handbook of discourse processes. London: Routledge, 2003: 321\u201355."}],"container-title":["Medical Humanities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/medhum-2025-013656","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:11:57Z","timestamp":1779268317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mh.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/medhum-2025-013656"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":147,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/medhum-2025-013656"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/medhum-2025-013656","relation":{},"ISSN":["1468-215X","1473-4265"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1468-215X","type":"print"},{"value":"1473-4265","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]}}}