{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:46:58Z","timestamp":1791434818202,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J NeuroIntervent Surg"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Penumbra system uses a coaxial separator and continuous extracorporeal suction to remove a clot from a cerebral artery. Forced-suction thrombectomy (FST) involves aspirating clots through the same reperfusion catheter using only a syringe, decreasing the procedure time and supplies needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate multiple combinations of catheters and syringes to determine the optimal pairing for use in FST.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tests were performed using both the Penumbra system and syringes to aspirate water through Penumbra 0.041\u2005inch (041), 4Max, 0.054\u2005inch (054) and 5Max reperfusion catheters and a shuttle sheath. Dynamic pressure and flow at the catheter tip were calculated from the fill times for each system. Static pressure and force for each aspiration source were determined with a vacuum gauge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All syringes provided significantly higher dynamic pressure at the catheter tip than the Penumbra system (p&lt;0.001). Increasing syringe volume significantly increased static pressure (p&lt;0.001). Both flow and aspiration force significantly increased with catheter size (p&lt;0.001). Cases are presented to demonstrate the clinical value of the laboratory principles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maximizing static and dynamic pressure when performing FST is achieved by aspirating with a syringe possessing both the largest volume and the largest inlet diameter available. Maximizing aspiration force and flow rate is achieved by using the largest catheter possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2012-010638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,27]],"date-time":"2013-03-27T01:10:56Z","timestamp":1364346656000},"page":"205-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Hydrodynamic comparison of the Penumbra system and commonly available syringes in forced-suction thrombectomy"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Scott Douglas","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey Paul","family":"Grey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052300261602000_6.3.205.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2299"},{"key":"2024052300261602000_6.3.205.2","first-page":"89","article-title":"Rescue forced-suction thrombectomy using the reperfusion catheter of the Penumbra system for thromboembolism during coil embolization of ruptured cerebral aneurysms","volume":"70","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2024052300261602000_6.3.205.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2011.12.007","article-title":"Techniques and results\u2014Penumbra aspiration catheter","volume":"15","author":"Kreusch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2024052300261602000_6.3.205.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.544957"},{"key":"2024052300261602000_6.3.205.5","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Handbook of hemorheology and hemodynamics","volume":"Vol 69","author":"Baskurt","year":"2007"},{"key":"2024052300261602000_6.3.205.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2010.07.054","article-title":"On the shear-thinning and viscoelastic effects of blood flow under various flow rates","volume":"217","author":"Bodn\u00e1r","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"key":"2024052300261602000_6.3.205.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hwang YH Kang DH Kim YW . Outcome of forced-suction thrombectomy in acute intracranial internal carotid occlusion. J NeuroInterv Surg 2013;5:i81\u20134.","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2012-010277"},{"key":"2024052300261602000_6.3.205.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.594481"}],"container-title":["Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2012-010638","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T02:13:19Z","timestamp":1745979199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnis.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2012-010638"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/neurintsurg-2012-010638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2012-010638","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-8478","1759-8486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-8478","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-8486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,26]]}}}