{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T01:24:42Z","timestamp":1771637082952,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J NeuroIntervent Surg"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spinal cord stimulation is a known modality for the treatment of chronic back and neck pain. Traditionally, spine surgeons and pain physicians perform the procedures. We report our experience in performing neuromodulation procedures in an outpatient interventional neuroradiology practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis of medical records of all trial and permanent implantation patients over a period of 4\u2005years was performed. 45 patients (32 men) of median age 47\u2005years were included in the study. The primary diagnoses were 23 cases of failed back or neck surgery syndrome, 12 cases of spinal stenosis, 4 cases of axial pain, 3 cases with reflex sympathetic dystrophy, 1 case of peripheral vascular disease, 1 case of phantom limb and 1 case of post-concussion syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty-four trials were performed in an outpatient clinic while 11 trials were performed in hospital outpatient settings. Trial periods were 3\u20137\u2005days. 27 patients (60%) who reported \u226550% pain relief underwent a permanent implantation. An interventional neuroradiologist performed 17 implantations, while spine surgeons performed 10 implantations. 23 implants were epidural (19 lumbar and 4 cervical) and four implants were subcutaneous. During the follow-up period, three patients had infections (13%) and required removal of the device and two cases (8%) reported lead migration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuromodulation procedures can be performed safely in an outpatient interventional radiology setting. Although the infection rate was relatively higher in this study population, the other complication rates and trial-to-implant ratio are similar to published data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2013-010901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T06:57:22Z","timestamp":1382511442000},"page":"708-711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Spinal cord stimulators in an outpatient interventional neuroradiology practice"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Padwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark M","family":"Georgy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bassem A","family":"Georgy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052300533822000_6.9.708.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2002\/5\/156","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation: a focused review","volume":"5","author":"Stojanovic","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"2024052300533822000_6.9.708.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971"},{"key":"2024052300533822000_6.9.708.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2012.00579.x","article-title":"Experimental spinal cord stimulation and neuropathic pain: mechanism of action, technical aspects, and effectiveness","volume":"13","author":"Smits","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"2024052300533822000_6.9.708.4","unstructured":"Pinzon E . Spinal cord stimulation: an overview and case study of spinal cord (dorsal column) stimulation in a spine-centered\/orthopaedic clinical practice setting. Pract Pain Manag 2005:69\u201375."},{"key":"2024052300533822000_6.9.708.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V38N11p998","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain","volume":"38","author":"Jeon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"2024052300533822000_6.9.708.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(84)90820-0"},{"key":"2024052300533822000_6.9.708.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf166"},{"key":"2024052300533822000_6.9.708.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2006.5.3.183"},{"key":"2024052300533822000_6.9.708.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000192162.99567.96","article-title":"Spinal cord stimulation in treatment of chronic benign pain: challenges in treatment planning and present status, a 22-year experience.","volume":"58","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2024052300533822000_6.9.708.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2010.00407.x"}],"container-title":["Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2013-010901","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T09:42:46Z","timestamp":1716457366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnis.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2013-010901"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/neurintsurg-2013-010901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2013-010901","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-8478","1759-8486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-8478","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-8486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]]}}}