{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T16:25:37Z","timestamp":1787675137933,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J NeuroIntervent Surg"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the relationship between leptomeningeal collaterals and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after carotid artery stenting (CAS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective study was undertaken of 228 patients (median age 75\u2005years (range 44\u201390); 187 men and 41 women) who underwent CAS due to unilateral carotid atherosclerotic plaque from January 2009 to December 2013. Cerebral angiographic findings were classified into three patterns: type I, normal visualization of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries without leptomeningeal collaterals; type II, visualization of the middle cerebral artery only without leptomeningeal collaterals; and type III, visualization of leptomeningeal collateral flow.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For all cerebral angiographic findings, 146 (64.0%) were type I, 61 (26.8%) were type II, and 21 (9.2%) were type III. Four patients (1.8%) died with fatal ICH after CAS and had type III angiographic findings (19%). The prevalence of ICH in patients with leptomeningeal collateral vessels was significantly higher than in patients without leptomeningeal collateral vessels (19% vs 0%, p&lt;0.0001). The percentage of carotid stenosis in patients with ICH based on North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) criteria was significantly higher than in patients without ICH (89.8\u00b13.6% vs 72.8\u00b112.8%, p=0.014).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leptomeningeal collateral vessels are a major risk factor for ICH after CAS in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2014-011634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,5]],"date-time":"2015-04-05T00:11:14Z","timestamp":1428192674000},"page":"512-516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Leptomeningeal collateral vessels are a major risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage after carotid stenting in patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Kang Ji","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyo Sung","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyung Ho","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Soo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Bae","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052302193955000_8.5.512.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.12.2513"},{"key":"2024052302193955000_8.5.512.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ederle J , Featherstone RL , Brown MM . 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