{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:53:29Z","timestamp":1790142809753,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J NeuroIntervent Surg"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pathogenesis of venous outflow stenosis associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) draining veins is poorly understood. We sought to determine the relationship between venous stenosis and atherosclerotic risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All patients with an AVM seen at our institution between 1990 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients &lt;18 years of age were excluded. Patients were classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of venous stenosis. Patient charts were reviewed for the following atherosclerotic risk factors: age &gt;50 years, sex, race, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease stage III, and cigarette smoking. The relationship between venous stenosis and atherosclerotic risk factors was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>278 patients were included (mean age 41 years, 55% men). Venous stenosis was present in 87 patients (31% of the cohort). The presence of venous stenosis was significantly associated with age &gt;50 years (P=0.05), hypertension (P=0.05), diabetes (P=0.02), and hyperlipidemia (P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that hyperlipidemia (P=0.05) was predictive of draining vein stenosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Venous stenosis is associated with several atherosclerotic risk factors, suggesting that cerebral AVM venous outflow stenosis occurs by a degenerative process. Additional studies can show whether these modifiable risk factors may be targeted to prevent draining vein stenosis and AVM rupture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2017-013580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,29]],"date-time":"2017-11-29T01:35:10Z","timestamp":1511919310000},"page":"788-790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cerebral arteriovenous malformation draining vein stenosis is associated with atherosclerotic risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nasya","family":"Mendoza-Elias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia F","family":"Shakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fady T","family":"Charbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Alaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1980.53.4.0456"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001285","article-title":"Relationship of cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemodynamics to clinical presentation, angioarchitectural features, and hemorrhage","volume":"63","author":"Shakur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01420189"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199405000-00003"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.76.2.0239"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.015666"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.6.1430"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.6.FOCUS14234","article-title":"Are parenchymal AVMs congenital lesions?","volume":"37","author":"Morales-Valero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000437741.48606.98"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700299"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000131513.33892.5b"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000223048.70103.F1"},{"key":"2024052304003018000_10.8.788.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6798"}],"container-title":["Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2017-013580","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T11:51:31Z","timestamp":1716465091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jnis.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2017-013580"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/neurintsurg-2017-013580"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2017-013580","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-8478","1759-8486"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-8478","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-8486","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]]}}}