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The functional approach to venous anatomy requires integration of the traditional static anatomic features of the system\u2014deep, superficial, posterior fossa, medullary veins, venous sinuses, and outflow routes into an overall appreciation of how a classic model of drainage is altered, embryologically, or pathologically, depending on patterns of flow\u2014visualization made possible by angiography. In this review, emphasis is placed on balance between alternative venous networks and their redundancy, and the problems which arise when these systems are lacking. The role of veins in major neurovascular diseases, such as dural arteriovenous fistulae, arteriovenous malformations, pulsatile tinnitus, and intracranial hypertension, is highlighted, and deficiencies in knowledge emphasized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2022-018917","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T13:26:05Z","timestamp":1657286765000},"page":"452-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Cerebral venous anatomy: implications for the neurointerventionalist"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1279-5456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maksim","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Neurology, NYU, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Neurology, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2998-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eytan","family":"Raz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, NYU, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2750-421X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erez","family":"Nossek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, NYU, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6891-6056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kittipong","family":"Srivatanakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tokai University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, NYU, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinayak","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, NYU, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6313-2604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aryan","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, NYU, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Sharashidze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, NYU, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rogelio","family":"Esparza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, NYU, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Kim","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Neurology, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Neurosurgery, NYU, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025092913274164000_15.5.452.1","unstructured":"Padget DH . 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