{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:40:54Z","timestamp":1790185254702,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"e1","funder":[{"name":"Xuanwu Hospital Hospital-Level Foundation","award":["XWJL-2019001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XWJL-2019001"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program","award":["PX2021034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PX2021034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J NeuroIntervent Surg"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To propose a nomogram for individual risk assessment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after vertebral artery origin stenosis (VAOS) stenting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 793 patients with VAOS treated with stenting from October 2006 to May 2013, with a median follow-up of 27.8 months. Cox regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were adopted for variable selection. The nomogram was formulated and validated by concordance indexes (C-indexes) and calibration curves. An in-stent restenosis risk table (ISR-RT) was subsequently generated for risk stratification. Differences between low-, intermediate-, and high-risk levels were shown by Kaplan-Meier curves and compared by log-rank test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The training and validation set included 594 and 199 patients, with a mean ISR rate of 37.2% and 35.2%, respectively. Stent type (HR=1.64, 95%\u2009CI 1.26 to 2.14), stent diameter (HR=2.48, 95%\u2009CI 1.77 to 3.48), history of peripheral vascular disease (HR=2.17, 95%\u2009CI 1.17 to 4.00), history of transit ischemic attack (HR=1.45, 95%\u2009CI 1.05 to 2.14), and left-side involvement (HR=1.33, 95%\u2009CI 1.04 to 1.69) were included in the nomogram. The C-indexes at 6 and 12 months were 0.650 and 0.611 in the training set, and 0.713 and 0.603 in the validation set, respectively. Compared with low-risk patients, the intermediate- and high-level group had 1.46 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.04; p=0.0235) and 2.28 (95% CI 1.64 to 3.17; p&lt;0.0001) higher chances of developing ISR in 2\u2009years, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nomogram and a risk evaluation table were developed with good predictive ability for in-stent restenosis among patients with VAOS, which could serve as a practical approach for individualized risk evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2022-019091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T05:58:50Z","timestamp":1658987930000},"page":"e41-e45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In-stent restenosis after vertebral artery origin stenosis stenting: a nomogram for risk 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