{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T15:36:47Z","timestamp":1759937807724},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold>To clarify whether the current occupational exposure limit (OEL) for carbon disulphide (CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) is low enough to prevent the occurrence of adverse effects on the cerebrovascular system.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>A total of 432 male workers exposed to CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and 402 male referent workers in 11 Japanese viscose rayon factories were studied at baseline; 750 of these were followed up. Brain MRI was performed at both baseline and follow up surveys. Changes in the number of hyperintense spots in T2 weighted images (HIS), which point to so-called \u201csilent cerebral infarctions\u201d, were evaluated over six years. A total of 666 subjects (217 exposed, 125 ex-exposed, and 324 referent subjects) who twice received brain MRI were subjected to analysis. Mean duration of exposure to the end of the study was 19.6 years for the exposed workers. The geometric mean CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(ppm) and TTCA (mg\/g creatinine) concentrations for the past six years were 4.9 and 1.6 for all exposed workers, 5.8 and 1.9 for spinning\/refining workers, and 2.7 and 0.9 for other exposed workers, respectively.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Exposed subjects showed a significantly higher risk for an increase in the number of HIS over six years. Odds ratios adjusted for possible confounders in the exposed and ex-exposed workers were 2.27 (95% CI 1.37 to 3.76) and 1.33 (95% CI 0.70 to 2.54), respectively. No exposure-response relations were observed in a number of analyses among the exposed workers.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>Exposure to CS<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>under the current Japanese OEL, 10 ppm, might increase the number of HIS in brain MRI. However, results should be interpreted with caution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2002.006932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,25]],"date-time":"2004-02-25T22:33:11Z","timestamp":1077748391000},"page":"225-232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Six year observational cohort study of the effect of carbon disulphide on brain MRI in rayon manufacturing workers"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Y","family":"Nishiwaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Takebayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"O\u2019Uchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Nomiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Omae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.1","first-page":"387","volume":"37","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/49.1.124"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2824","volume":"2","year":"1976","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00380109"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2662","volume":"5","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113265","volume":"115","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.7","first-page":"220","volume":"44","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.8","first-page":"1561","volume":"76","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00380108"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2714","volume":"4","year":"1978","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00225934","volume":"9","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1996.9936014","volume":"51","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1996.9936016","volume":"51","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.14","first-page":"698","volume":"30","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.15","first-page":"235","volume":"11","year":"1954","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.16","first-page":"1245","volume":"31","year":"1979","journal-title":"No To Shinkei"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1159\/000117294","volume":"36","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047646"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.19","first-page":"252","volume":"52","year":"1995","journal-title":"Przegl Lek"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2002.3.3.158","volume":"3","year":"2002","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"2024052222253088000_61.3.225.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Japan Society for Occupational Health. 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