{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:37:21Z","timestamp":1787017041767,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To show the power of history science methods for exposure assessment in occupational health studies, using the dry cleaning industry in Denmark around 1970 as the example.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Exposure data and other information on exposure status were searched for in unconventional data sources such as the Danish National Archives, the Danish Royal Library, archives of Statistics Denmark, the National Institute of Occupational Health, Denmark, and the Danish Labor Inspection Agency. Individual census forms were retrieved from the Danish National Archives.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    It was estimated that in total 3267 persons worked in the dry cleaning industry in Denmark in 1970. They typically worked in small shops with an average size of 3.5 persons. Of these, 2645 persons were considered exposed to solvents as they were dry cleaners or worked very close to the dry cleaning process, while 622 persons were office workers, drivers, etc in shops with 10 or more persons. It was estimated that tetrachloroethylene constituted 85% of the dry cleaning solvent used, and that a shop would normally have two machines using 4.6 tons of tetrachloroethylene annually.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The history science methods, including retrieval of material from the Danish National Archives and a thorough search in the Royal Library for publications on dry cleaning, turned out to be a very fruitful approach for collection of exposure data on dry cleaning work in Denmark. The history science methods proved to be a useful supplement to the exposure assessment methods normally applied in epidemiological studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.016493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,16]],"date-time":"2005-06-16T14:38:18Z","timestamp":1118932698000},"page":"434-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Use of history science methods in exposure assessment for occupational health studies"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Johansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Tinnerberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Lynge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b211722n"},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.2","first-page":"27","volume":"38","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.3","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Dry cleaning, some chlorinated solvents and other industrial chemicals, Vol 63. Lyon: IARC, 1995."},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(02)00250-8"},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1810","volume":"16","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.6","unstructured":"Hammersh\u00c3\u00b8y E. De danske vaskeri- og renserierhverv. Faglig biografisk h\u00c3\u00a5ndbog for de erhvervsdrivende inden for vaskeri- og renserierhvervene i Danmark [The Danish Laundry and Dry Cleaning Industry]. Copenhagen: Forlaget Lieber, 1971."},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.7","unstructured":"Ingvorsen C. T\u00c3\u00b8rreproblemer og v\u00c3\u00a6sketab i renserier [Drying problems and loss of solvents in dry cleaning shops]. 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Ang\u00c3\u00a5r: Renseanl\u00c3\u00a6g (rensemaskine) af englesk fabrikat \u00e2\u0080\u009cSpencer\u00e2\u0080\u009d, model \u00e2\u0080\u009cSenior\u00e2\u0080\u009d og \u00e2\u0080\u009cJunior\u00e2\u0080\u009d for perklor\u00c3\u00a6tylen. [Dry cleaning machine from \u00e2\u0080\u009cSpencer\u00e2\u0080\u009d, model \u00e2\u0080\u009cSenior\u00e2\u0080\u009d or \u00e2\u0080\u009cJunior\u00e2\u0080\u009d to tetrachloroethylene] 1959."},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.12","first-page":"56","volume":"15","year":"1958","journal-title":"Renseriejeren"},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.13","unstructured":"Ingvorsen C. Renserimaskiner og deres virkem\u00c3\u00a5de\u00e2\u0080\u0094Erhvervets teknologi [Dry cleaning machines and their functioning]. Copenhagen: Forlaget Liber, 1971:149\u00e2\u0080\u009350."},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.14","unstructured":"Direktoratet for Arbejdstilsynet. 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[Structure and working skill in dry cleaning in other countries]"},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.17","first-page":"8","volume":"79","year":"1967","journal-title":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Rensning, Farvning og Vask"},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.18","first-page":"16","volume":"83","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nordisk Tidsskrift for Rensning, Farvning og Vask"},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.19","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.statistikbanken.dk Statistics for the Danish populations 2004."},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.20","unstructured":"Danmarks Statistik. Varestatistik for Industri 1999 [Manufacturers\u00e2\u0080\u0099 sales of commodities 1999]. And all previous publications. Copenhagen: Danmarks Statistik, 2000."},{"key":"2024052222495994000_62.7.434.21","unstructured":"Danmarks Statistik. Udenrigshandelen fordelt p\u00c3\u00a5 varer og lande 1999 [External trade by commodities and countries 1999]. And all previous publications. 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