{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:56:32Z","timestamp":1791006992322,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>To investigate the reasons for the excess risk of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders among manual workers compared with other workers in a random sample of 2656 French men and women (20\u201359 years old) participating in a study on the prevalence of work related upper limb disorders conducted by France\u2019s National Institute of Health Surveillance.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>Prevalence ratios (PR) of physician-diagnosed musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand (any of six leading disorders, rotator cuff syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome) in manual versus non-manual workers were calculated using Cox regression models with a constant time of follow up and robust variance.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>11.3% of men and 15.1% of women were diagnosed with an upper limb disorder. The risk was especially high in manual workers (PRs: 1.40 to 2.10). Physical work factors accounted for over 50% of occupational disparities overall, 62% (men) to 67% (women) for rotator cuff syndrome, and 96% (women) for carpal tunnel syndrome. The authors calculated that under lower levels of physical work exposures, up to 31% of cases among manual workers could have been prevented.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>In working men and women, upper limb musculoskeletal disorders are frequent. Physical work exposures, such as repetitive and forceful movements, are an important source of risk and in particular account for a large proportion of excess morbidity among manual workers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2005.025122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,21]],"date-time":"2006-06-21T03:47:02Z","timestamp":1150861622000},"page":"754-761","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Why are manual workers at high risk of upper limb disorders? The role of physical work factors in a random sample of workers in France (the Pays de la Loire study)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Melchior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Roquelaure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Evanoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J-F","family":"Chastang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Imbernon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Leclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7294.1079"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.2","unstructured":"National Research Council, the Institute of Medicine. Musculoskeletal disorders and the workplace: low back and upper extremities. Washington DC: National Academy Press, 2001."},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.3","unstructured":"Roquelaure Y, Ha C, Leclerc A, et al. Epidemiological surveillance of musculoskeletal disorders in the active population: the French Pays de la Loire Study. Arthritis Care Res 2006 (in press)."},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2003.010660"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.5","first-page":"1","volume":"27","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.6","unstructured":"INSEE. France, portrait social. Paris: INSEE, 2002."},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(87)90010-X","volume":"18","year":"1987","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.8","unstructured":"WHO. International classification of diseases: tenth revision. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992."},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-3-1"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.10","unstructured":"SAS Institute. SAS\/STAT software: changes and enhancements through release 6.12. 1997."},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.11","unstructured":"Rothman K J, Greenland S. Modern epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1998."},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199908)36:2<248::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.614","volume":"27","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.784","volume":"30","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.15","first-page":"39","volume":"61","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2003.008979"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.58.6.374"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.630","volume":"27","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.3.180"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20535"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(02)00100-6"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.2.153"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.048835"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.6.1011"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.25","first-page":"481","volume":"10","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/39.10.1057"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7119.1360","volume":"315","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.28","first-page":"30","volume":"59","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Malad Prof"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.10050"},{"key":"2024052223135566000_63.11.754.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.20","volume":"21","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.2005.025122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T07:29:07Z","timestamp":1716449347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.2005.025122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,20]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.2005.025122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.2005.025122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,20]]}}}