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Two reviewers independently selected articles that presented a risk estimate for the duration of computer use, included an outcome measure related to hand\u2013arm or neck\u2013shoulder symptoms or disorders, and had a longitudinal study design. The strength of the evidence was based on methodological quality and consistency of the results. Nine relevant articles were identified, of which six were rated as high quality. Moderate evidence was concluded for a positive association between the duration of mouse use and hand\u2013arm symptoms. For this association, indications for a dose\u2013response relationship were found. Risk estimates were in general stronger for the hand\u2013arm region than for the neck\u2013shoulder region, and stronger for mouse use than for total computer use and keyboard use. A pathophysiological model focusing on the overuse of muscles during computer use supports these differences. Future studies are needed to improve our understanding of safe levels of computer use by measuring the duration of computer use in a more objective way, differentiating between total computer use, mouse use and keyboard use, attaining sufficient exposure contrast, and collecting data on disability caused by symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.026468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,10]],"date-time":"2006-11-10T01:33:50Z","timestamp":1163122430000},"page":"211-222","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":199,"title":["Should office workers spend fewer hours at their computer? 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