{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:14:10Z","timestamp":1791310450515,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>To explore the association of allergic rhinitis with the use of pesticides among grape farmers in Crete.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>A cross-sectional study of 120 grape farmers and 100 controls at the Malevisi region in Northern Crete was conducted. The protocol consisted of a questionnaire, skin prick tests for 16 common allergens, measurement of specific IgE antibodies against 8 allergens, and spirometry before and after bronchodilatation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Grape farmers who used pesticides had higher prevalence rates of allergic rhinitis symptoms (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4 to 6.2) compared with grape farmers who reported no current use of pesticides, and control subjects. Logistic regression models controlling for age, sex and smoking status showed that 6 of the 12 predefined groups of major pesticides were significantly related to allergic rhinitis symptoms. The highest risks were observed for paraquat and other bipyridyl herbicides (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.8), dithiocarbamate fungicides (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 5.3) and carbamate insecticides (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.4 to 6.5). A factor analysis of pesticides used identified 3 distinct factors. The most common factor was that of multiple pesticide use that included 9 pesticides and was significantly associated with allergic rhinitis (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.3). ORs were higher when allergic rhinitis was defined using both questionnaire data on symptoms and atopy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>Occupational exposure to multiple agricultural chemicals could be related to allergic rhinitis in grape farmers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.029835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,21]],"date-time":"2006-12-21T01:24:09Z","timestamp":1166664249000},"page":"417-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Association of allergic rhinitis with pesticide use among grape farmers in Crete, Greece"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Leda","family":"Chatzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Alegakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Tzanakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Siafakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manolis","family":"Kogevinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Lionis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052223273064000_64.6.417.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.supplement_1.rccm1585s1"},{"key":"2024052223273064000_64.6.417.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.03.00070803"},{"key":"2024052223273064000_64.6.417.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20018"},{"key":"2024052223273064000_64.6.417.4","unstructured":"Senthilselvan A, Dosman JA. Risk factors in allergic rhinitis in farmers. In: McDuffie HH, Semchuk KM, Olenchock SA, Senthilselvan A, eds. 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