{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:43:48Z","timestamp":1772163828379,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Following a volcanic eruption in 2000, high concentrations of ambient sulfur dioxide (SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) are still observed on Miyakejima, Japan despite the reversal 2 years ago of the ban on residents living on the island. This study examines the association between current levels of volcanic SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and the incidence of acute subjective symptoms in volunteers on Miyakejima.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The authors conducted a follow-up study on 611 healthy volunteers, on a person-hour basis (28\u2009413 person-hours), who visited the island to provide support to residents from February to July 2005. Adverse health symptoms were measured by self-administered diary and exposure was approximated using monitoring data across 14 sites. Associations between incidence rates and increasing SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels (reference (the lowest), very low, low, middle and high) were examined using Poisson regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Hourly incidence of cough, scratchy throat, sore throat and breathlessness showed clear exposure\u2013response relationships with SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations. There were statistically significant risks of those symptoms at relatively low SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      levels. Thus, rate ratios in the 0.6-2.0 ppm exposure band (vs &lt;0.01 ppm) were: for cough, 3.4 (95% CI 1.8 to 6.6) in men and 9.8 (3.9 to 24.9) in women; for sore throat, 3.2 (1.7 to 6.2) in men and 5.8 (2.0 to 16.5) in women; and for breathlessness, 10.5 (4.2 to 26.6) in men and 18.5 (4.6 to 74.3) in women. Little evidence of SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      effects on sputum and nasal discharge\/congestion was observed in this study. Eye and skin irritations showed inconsistent results between hourly maximal and hourly mean SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      concentrations.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The authors observed strong evidence of an exposure\u2013response relationship between volcanic SO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and subjective acute respiratory symptoms among a healthy population on Miyakejima. The results are consistent with reports that females and non-smokers are more sensitive to irritant gas than males and smokers, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.033456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,18]],"date-time":"2008-09-18T13:23:35Z","timestamp":1221744215000},"page":"701-707","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Volcanic sulfur dioxide and acute respiratory symptoms on Miyakejima island"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Ishigami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Iwasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y","family":"Nishiwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Takebayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Omae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052223373871000_65.10.701.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/G20399.1"},{"key":"2024052223373871000_65.10.701.2","unstructured":"Kazahaya K . Monitoring of volcanic gases at Miyakejima volcano, Japan, 2007. Available from http:\/\/staff.aist.go.jp\/kazahaya-k\/miyakegas\/COSPEC.html (accessed 10 June 2008)."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"2024052223373871000_65.10.701.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.9.27","article-title":"Asthma-like disease in the children living in the neighborhood of Mt. 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Air quality guideline global update 2005: particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2006."},{"issue":"(12)","key":"2024052223373871000_65.10.701.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1080\/0002889778507681","article-title":"Respiratory effects of exposure to ozone plus sulfur dioxide in Southern Californians and Eastern Canadians.","volume":"38","author":"Bell","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"},{"issue":"(4)","key":"2024052223373871000_65.10.701.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1981.10667622","article-title":"Effects of 0.75 ppm sulfur dioxide on pulmonary function parameters of normal human subjects.","volume":"36","author":"Stacy","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"issue":"(5)","key":"2024052223373871000_65.10.701.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.5.1127","article-title":"Replicated dose-response study of sulfur dioxide effects in normal, atopic, and asthmatic volunteers.","volume":"136","author":"Linn","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024052223373871000_65.10.701.23","unstructured":"EPA. 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