{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:50:51Z","timestamp":1790481051047,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"Objectives:<\/jats:title>Air pollution has been associated with an increased risk for lung cancer. We examined whether long-term air pollution is associated with bladder cancer risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods:<\/jats:title>Information from a case-control study in Spain that included 1219 incident cases and 1271 hospital controls was used. Information on residential history including several indicators of exposure to air pollution and other potential risk factors was collected in a face-to-face computerised personal interview. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were adjusted for age, gender, region, smoking, occupation, water contaminants and diet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results:<\/jats:title>Living more than 40 years in a city with a population of more than 100\u2009000 was associated with an increased risk for bladder cancer overall (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.63). Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diesel from industries near the residence, as evaluated by experts, were associated with an increased risk (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.98), while lower or no excess risks were observed for other pollution-related variables. Odds ratios among never smokers tended to be higher than among smokers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>The small to moderate positive associations found for several indices of air pollution and bladder cancer, while suggestive of excess risk, require further evaluation in other settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.034348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,19]],"date-time":"2007-07-19T00:46:41Z","timestamp":1184806001000},"page":"56-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Air pollution and risk of urinary bladder cancer in a case-control study in Spain"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Gemma","family":"Casta\u00f1o-Vinyals","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth P","family":"Cantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N\u00faria","family":"Malats","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adonina","family":"Tardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reina","family":"Garcia-Closas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Consol","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Carrato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Rothman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roel","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Dosemeci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manolis","family":"Kogevinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/151.3_Pt_1.669"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21801","article-title":"Air pollution and risk of lung cancer in a prospective study in Europe.","volume":"119(1)","author":"Vineis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200101000-00021","article-title":"A meta-analysis of bladder cancer and diesel exhaust exposure.","volume":"12(1)","author":"Boffetta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000007962.19066.9c","article-title":"Occupation and bladder cancer among men in Western Europe.","volume":"14(10)","author":"Kogevinas","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018465507029","article-title":"Cancer risk from occupational and environmental exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.","volume":"8(3)","author":"Boffetta","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"(4 Pt 2)","key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.6","first-page":"2113","article-title":"Motor exhaust-related occupations and bladder cancer.","volume":"46","author":"Silverman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.7","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes. IARC Monogr Vol 46. Lyon, France: IARC, 1989 :321."},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700270303","article-title":"Estimation of risk of developing bladder cancer among workers exposed to coal tar pitch volatiles in the primary aluminum industry.","volume":"27(3)","author":"Tremblay","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(94)90432-4","article-title":"Sources and seasonal variability of mutagenic agents in the Barcelona City aerosol.","volume":"29(3)","author":"Bayona","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es00041a007"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostofi FK Davis CJ Sesterhenn I . Histological typing of urinary bladder tumours. Berlin: Springer, 1999.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-59871-5"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20292","article-title":"Outdoor air pollution and lung cancer: recent epidemiologic evidence.","volume":"111(5)","author":"Vineis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000024223.91059.ed","article-title":"Occupational risk factors for lung cancer in men and women: a population-based case-control study in Italy.","volume":"15(3)","author":"Richiardi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.9.1132","article-title":"Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution.","volume":"287(9)","author":"Pope","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jea.7500189","article-title":"Estimation of long-term average exposure to outdoor air pollution for a cohort study on mortality.","volume":"11(6)","author":"Hoek","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2004.016766","article-title":"Exposure to traffic related air pollutants: self reported traffic intensity versus GIS modelled exposure.","volume":"62(8)","author":"Heinrich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1078\/1438-4639-00223","article-title":"Global urbanization and impact on health.","volume":"206(4\u20135)","author":"Moore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Hyg Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.18","unstructured":"Kogevinas M Trichopoulos D . Urinary bladder cancer. In: Adami HO Hunter D Trichopoulos D , eds. Textbook of cancer epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002 :446\u201366."},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.19","unstructured":"WHO. Exposure assessment in studies on the chronic effects of long-term exposure to air pollution. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2003."},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0799","article-title":"Estimating exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a comparison of survey, biological monitoring, and geographic information system-based methods.","volume":"15(7)","author":"Gunier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2896","DOI":"10.1021\/es00049a033","article-title":"Seasonally dependent size distributions of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban aerosols from densely populated areas.","volume":"27(13)","author":"Aceves","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(96)00291-9","article-title":"Mass concentration and elemental composition of airborne particulate matter at street and background locations.","volume":"31(8)","author":"Janssen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(97)00496-2","article-title":"Air pollution from traffic in city districts near major motorways.","volume":"32(11)","author":"Roorda-Knape","year":"1998","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11280-3","article-title":"Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in the Netherlands: a cohort study.","volume":"360(9341)","author":"Hoek","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.834753","article-title":"Emission of carcinogenic components with automobile exhausts.","volume":"47","author":"Stenberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024052223404546000_65.1.56.26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mutagenic and carcinogenic nitroarenes in diesel emissions: risk identification.","volume":"140(1)","author":"Rosenkranz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Mutat Res"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.2007.034348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T08:01:31Z","timestamp":1716451291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.2007.034348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.2007.034348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.2007.034348","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,18]]}}}