{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T18:33:59Z","timestamp":1781030039518,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In developed countries, poultry are raised in totally confined buildings in which workers are exposed to indoor airborne contaminants. A prospective study was conducted to investigate the relationship between workers' respiratory health and airborne contaminants during the life cycle of broiler and layer flocks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventeen layer and 16 broiler operations were chosen within a 200\u2005km radius of Edmonton. An attempt was made to visit each broiler operation twice during the winter and summer seasons in the early and later periods of the 6-week production cycle and visit each layer operation three times during the early, middle and later periods of the 40-week production cycle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In broiler operations, respirable particle counts, total dust and endotoxin concentrations, and ammonia levels increased with flock age, while mean endotoxin load (EU\/mg) decreased in the winter and summer seasons. Increases in dust and endotoxin concentrations in the winter season were not statistically significance. Mean endotoxin concentration increased and mean dust concentration and ammonia level decreased with flock age in layer operations, although not all these changes were statistically significant. Mean across-shift decrements in FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>and FVC increased with flock age among workers from layer operations. Endotoxin concentration was significantly associated with across-shift changes in FEV<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>among workers in layer operations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our study, changes in lung function appear more closely associated with changes in endotoxin than other contaminants. Changes in indoor environmental conditions occurring in poultry barns which are dependent on the flock age may affect workers' health in poultry operations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2008.045021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,9]],"date-time":"2010-10-09T04:22:11Z","timestamp":1286598131000},"page":"102-107","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["A prospective evaluation of air quality and workers' health in broiler and layer operations"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Ambikaipakan","family":"Senthilselvan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Beach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Feddes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Cherry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Wenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.1","unstructured":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. All about Canada's Poultry Industry. Ottawa, Ontario: Government Press, 2000."},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.2","first-page":"32","article-title":"Hazards in confinement housing-gases and dusts in confined animal houses for swine, poultry, horses and humans","volume":"33","author":"Pickrell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet Hum Toxicol"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700100305","article-title":"Hazardous agents in agricultural dusts and methods of evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Donham","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.4","first-page":"511","article-title":"Effects of environmental quality in livestock buildings on swine health and productivity: a literature review","volume":"97","author":"DeBoer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans ASHRAE"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.5","unstructured":"Donham KJ . Human Health risks from the livestock environment from Livestock Environment. IN: The Livestock Industry and the Environment. Ames, IA: Iowa State University, 1991:13\u00e2\u0080\u009327."},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668491400575","article-title":"Environmental study of poultry confinement buildings","volume":"45","author":"Jones","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.7","unstructured":"Leistikow B Pettit W Donham K . Respiratory risks in poultry farmers. In: Dosman DA Cockcroft DW , eds. Principles of Health and Safety in Agriculture. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1989:62\u00e2\u0080\u00935."},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.8","unstructured":"Morring KL . Environmental assessment of respiratory hazards in the poultry industry. In: Dosman DA Cockcroft DW , eds. Principles of Health and Safety in Agriculture. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1989:185\u00e2\u0080\u00939."},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1155\/2003\/109679","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms and lung function in poultry confinement workers in Western Canada","volume":"10","author":"Kirychuk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700190207","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in chicken catchers in poultry confinement units","volume":"19","author":"Morris","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700240608","article-title":"Cross-sectional epidemiological study of respiratory disease in turkey farmers","volume":"24","author":"Reynolds","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17407470"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.220","article-title":"Chronic bronchitis in farmers","volume":"23","author":"Melbostad","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-005-0072-5"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199901)35:1<51::AID-AJIM7>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.1032"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.17","first-page":"1110","article-title":"Respiratory health and immunological profile of poultry workers","volume":"88","author":"Rees","year":"1998","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.10.668","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of work related respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to organic dusts","volume":"55","author":"Simpson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1006\/enrs.1995.1040","article-title":"Respiratory function in poultry workers and pharmacologic characterization of poultry dust extract","volume":"70","author":"Zuskin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700170118","article-title":"Assessment of U.S. poultry worker respiratory risk","volume":"17","author":"Donham","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200003000-00006"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000216215.39521.3c"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.23","unstructured":"Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development. Overview of the Alberta poultry industry, 1999. http:\/\/www1.agric.gov.ab.ca\/$department\/deptdocs.nsf\/all\/pou4181 (accessed 30 Oct 2009)."},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology standardization project","volume":"118","author":"Ferris","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.18574","article-title":"The Design and Use of the Personal Environmental Sampling Backpack (PESB II) for Activity-Specific Exposure Monitoring of Career Pig Barn Workers","volume":"11","author":"Wenger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Agric Saf Health"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.26","first-page":"1285","article-title":"Standardization of Spirometry\u00e2\u0080\u00941987 Update","volume":"136","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.27","unstructured":"StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 9. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP, 2005."},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700170120","article-title":"Over-shift decrease in lung function in poultry slaughterhouse workers","volume":"17","author":"Hagmar","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.29","first-page":"119","article-title":"Exposure and respiratory health in farming in temperate zones\u00e2\u0080\u0093a review of the literature","volume":"9","author":"Omland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.30","first-page":"73","article-title":"Total concentration of dust in the air during farm work","volume":"71","author":"Louhelainen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00383592"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.32","first-page":"49","article-title":"Respiratory Health status in swine producers relates to endotoxin exposure in the presence of low dust levels","volume":"36","author":"Zedja","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"2024052300085430000_68.2.102.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199804)33:4<384::AID-AJIM9>3.0.CO;2-U"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.2008.045021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T08:39:13Z","timestamp":1716453553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.2008.045021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.2008.045021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.2008.045021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,8]]}}}