{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:14:29Z","timestamp":1791101669891,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies of underground miners have documented an increased risk of lung cancer mainly linked to radon exposure but possibly influenced by other concurrent exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cohort study was carried out in 8321 iron ore miners with low exposure to radon, employed in 1923\u20131998 and followed up for lung cancer in 1958\u20132000. Historical exposures to radon, crystalline silica and diesel exhaust were assessed. Data including exposure to radon, quartz and diesel exhaust from another mine with higher exposure to radon were reanalysed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Miners had increased risk for lung cancer (SIR 1.48 (95% CI 1.22 to 1.78), based on 112 cases during 227\u2009000 person-years). The increased risk could not be explained by exposure to radon or diesel exhaust but was associated with exposure to crystalline silica: SIR 0.96 (0.53 to 1.62), 1.45 (1.10 to 1.87), 1.99 (1.31 to 2.90) and 1.77 (0.92 to 3.10) in groups with exposure to 0, 0\u20132, 2\u20135 and &gt;5\u2005mg\u2002years\/m3, respectively. Reanalysis of data from the other mine indicated that quartz was a possible confounder in the analysis of relationship between radon and lung cancer. In the highest radon exposed group, the point estimate for the RR decreased from 5.65 to 3.90 when adjusting for concurrent exposure to quartz.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Crystalline silica, a known carcinogen, probably affects lung cancer risk in iron ore miners. The main implication of the results is for interpretation of the dose\u2013response curve for radon and lung cancer in underground iron ore miners. Since exposure to radon and quartz is often correlated, quartz exposure can be an important confounder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.047456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,4]],"date-time":"2010-06-04T00:13:22Z","timestamp":1275610402000},"page":"513-518","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Lung cancer and exposure to quartz and diesel exhaust in Swedish iron ore miners with concurrent exposure to radon"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Ingvar A","family":"Bergdahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kan","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e5re","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Damber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"J\u00e4rvholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Lung cancer among underground workers in the iron ore mine of Kiruna based on thirty years of observation","volume":"13","author":"Jorgensen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198406073102302"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.047449"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.11.817"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-199510000-00007"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.59.2.113"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390801987972"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00034705"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1021\/es062590s","article-title":"Particle concentration and Characteristics near a major freeway with heavy-duty diesel traffic","volume":"41","author":"Ntziachristos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annhyg\/mem057"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.11","unstructured":"IARC. Some inorganic substances, chlorinate hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, N-nitroso compounds and natural products. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, Vol 1. Lyon: IARC, 1972."},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(03)00082-2","article-title":"Hematite (Fe(2)O(3)) enhances benzo[a]pyrene genotoxicity in endotracheally treated rat, as determined by Comet Assay","volume":"538","author":"Garry","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2004.06.012","article-title":"Hematite (Fe2O3) acts by oxydative stress and potentiates benzo[a]pyrene genotoxicity","volume":"563","author":"Garry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdj125"},{"key":"2024052300152518000_67.8.513.15","first-page":"920","article-title":"Mortality from lung cancer in Ontario uranium miners","volume":"50","author":"Kusiak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.2009.047456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T08:51:05Z","timestamp":1716454265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.2009.047456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.2009.047456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.2009.047456","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,2]]}}}