{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:44:56Z","timestamp":1760121896390,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate biomarkers of cytogenotoxicity in women exposed to mercury in a mining area. Mercury has been associated with cytogenotoxicity in human and animal models but has not been considered carcinogenic in humans, even though genotoxic effects following exposure to inorganic mercury compounds have been observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study and micronucleus assay in uroepithelial cells were performed in 104 women (12\u201384\u2005years of age). First urine void samples were taken to determine creatinine-adjusted mercury levels in urine (HgUCr), to isolate cells and to quantify cytogenetic damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The geometric average level for HgUCr was 4.9\u2005\u03bcg\/g (range, 0.4\u201385). In the generalised linear model, after controlling for other co-variables, we observed that for each 10\u2005\u03bcg\/g increase in HgUCr, the OR of developing a genotoxic effect was 2.37 (95% CI 1.79 to 2.84), while for cytotoxic damage in uroepithelial cells the OR was 1.34 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.79). These results suggest a possible association between cytogenotoxicity and HgUCr.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Living in a mining area with exposure to inorganic mercury and having higher mercury levels in urine increased the risk of developing uroepithelial cytogenotoxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.047928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,26]],"date-time":"2010-08-26T13:33:09Z","timestamp":1282829589000},"page":"620-624","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cytogenotoxicity in uroepithelial cells of women exposed to mercury in a mining area"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"M Lourdes","family":"Soto-R\u00edos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Rothenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M Eugenia","family":"Gonsebatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Talavera-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.1","unstructured":"Consejo de Recursos Minerales (COREMI). Anuario Estad\u00c3\u00adstico de la Miner\u00c3\u00ada Mexicana. Edici\u00c3\u00b3n 1999. Mexico: Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior, SNC, 1998."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.2","unstructured":"Shore YA Perdomo GR . Caracterizaci\u00c3\u00b3n qu\u00c3\u00admico mineral\u00c3\u00b3gica de los jales de las minas de mercurio de la regi\u00c3\u00b3n de Huitzuco Guerrero y su impacto en los suelos de cultivo. M\u00c3\u00a9xico: T\u00c3\u00a9sis. ERCITI-UAG. Taxco, Gro., Julio 2002."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.3","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Public health statement on mercury is derived from the ATSDR toxicological profile for mercury. http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/hac\/PHA\/nsw\/nsw_p4.html (accessed 8 May 2006)."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-265X(89)90057-X"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.5","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Standard method. http:\/\/www.newmoa.org\/prevention\/mercury\/breakingcycle\/compendium\/BSmith.pdf (accessed 10 Jul 2004)."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reimann C de Caritat P . Chemical elements in the environment. Fact sheets for the geochemist and environmental scientist. New York: Springer, 1998.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-72016-1"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1994.1204"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarkson TW Hurs JB Sager PR . Mercury. In: Biological monitoring of toxic metals. New York: Plenum Press, 1988:199\u00e2\u0080\u0093246.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0961-1_8"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.9","unstructured":"Miettinen JK . Absorption and elimination of dietary Hg++ and methyl mercury in man. In: Miller MW Clarkson TW , eds. Mercury, mercurial, and mercaptanz. Springfield, IL: C.C. Thomas, 1973:233\u00e2\u0080\u009346."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.10","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Alerta Nacional Advertencia sobre Patrones Continuados de Exposici\u00c3\u00b3n a Mercurio (Azogue) Met\u00c3\u00a1lico. http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/es\/alerts\/es_970626.html (accessed 8 Aug 2002)."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3432842"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1567"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.13","unstructured":"Naib ZM . Cytopathology. Boston, MA: Little Brown & Co, 1996:1\u00e2\u0080\u009314."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(97)00143-7","article-title":"Comparison of alkaline single cell gel (Comet) and peripheral blood micronucleus assays in detecting DNA damage caused by direct and indirect acting mutagens","volume":"381","author":"Vrzoc","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1110(96)90010-X","article-title":"The genotype of the human cancer cell: implications for risk analysis","volume":"365","author":"Williams","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.16","unstructured":"Petras M Vrzoc M Pandragani S . Biological monitoring of environmental genotoxicity in Southwestern Ontario. In: Butterworth FM Gunatilaka A Gonsebatt ME , eds. Biomonitors and biomarkers as indicators of environmental change. Butterworth Corkum Guzm\u00c3\u00a1n-Rinc\u00c3\u00b3n , eds. New York: Plenum Press, 1995:115\u00e2\u0080\u009338."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.17","first-page":"189","article-title":"Determination of mercury in urine by flow-injection cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry","volume-title":"Anal Chim Acta","volume":"278","author":"Guo","year":"1983"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim CK . Some routine applications of high performance liquid chromatography in clinical chemistry. In: Kaiser E Gabl F Muler MM , eds. XI International congress of clinical chemistry. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter and Co, 1982:957.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110861051-089"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116159","article-title":"Micronuclei and other anomalies in buccal smears a field test in snuff users","volume":"134","author":"Tolbert","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/em.10160"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(03)00249-5"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.22","unstructured":"Gonsebatt ME . El ensayo de micron\u00c3\u00bacleos en tejidos epiteliales y su uso en la evaluaci\u00c3\u00b3n de efectos genot\u00c3\u00b3xicos\u00e2\u0080\u009d. En: Gen\u00c3\u00a9tica Toxicol\u00c3\u00b3gica. Mudry M y Carballo M , eds. Buenos Aires: De Los Cuatro Vientos, 2006:987-564\u00e2\u0080\u0093563."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/15.6.525"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-004-0578-8"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892004001200008","article-title":"Exposi\u00c3\u00a7\u00c3\u00a3o humana ao merc\u00c3\u00bario na Amaz\u00c3\u00b4nia brasileira: uma perspectiva hist\u00c3\u00b3rica","volume":"16","author":"Gon\u00c3\u00a7alves","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rev Panam Salud P\u00c3\u00bablica"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(97)00009-4"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.27","first-page":"47","article-title":"Variabilidad de Mercurio en orina entre mujeres que viven en una zona minera. Investigaci\u00c3\u00b3n para el Dise\u00c3\u00b1o de Pol\u00c3\u00adticas","volume":"096","author":"Soto R\u00c3\u00ados","year":"2007","journal-title":"XII congreso de Investigaci\u00c3\u00b3n en Salud P\u00c3\u00bablica"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.28","unstructured":"Di Giorgio M Nasazzi B Heredia ML . Influencia de la edad y h\u00c3\u00a1bito de fumar sobre las frecuencias espont\u00c3\u00a1nea y radioinducida de micron\u00c3\u00bacleos en linfocytos humanos. Presentado en el 5\u00c2\u00b0 Congreso Argentino de Radioprotecci\u00c3\u00b3n. Santa Fe, Argentina. 6 al 8 de septiembre, 1995."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.29","unstructured":"Baird C . Toxic heavy metals. In: Baird C , ed. Environmental chemistry. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1997:386\u00e2\u0080\u009395."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2004.06.009","article-title":"Disturbed microtubule function and induction of micronuclei by chelate complexes of mercury(II)","volume":"563","author":"Stoiber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.4007.2004499","article-title":"Mercurio y neurotoxicidad","volume":"40","author":"Crespo-L\u00c3\u00b3pez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.32","unstructured":"Ramel C . Genetic effects. In: Friberg L Vostal , eds. Mercury in the environment. Cleveland, OH: Press, 1972:169\u00e2\u0080\u009382."},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mutagenic-teratogenicity of mercury compounds","volume":"114","author":"Leonard","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mutagenesis"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)00152-A"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01041.x"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.36","first-page":"319","article-title":"Mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of metals","volume-title":"Handbook on the toxicology of metals","volume":"1","author":"Kazantis","year":"1986"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/3.4.337"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0461(1999)13:2<107::AID-JBT6>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3835(81)90172-5"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.40","first-page":"249","article-title":"Combined effects of subchronic exposure to lead, mercury and alcohol on the spontaneous and evoked cortical activity in rats","volume":"56","author":"Fazakas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arh Hig Rada Toksikol"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(84)90114-3"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520220160"},{"key":"2024052300173362000_67.9.620.43","unstructured":"Pe\u00c3\u00b1a A Meseguer I Gonz\u00c3\u00a1lez MJ . Posible Efecto Protector de la Cerveza sobre la Toxicidad del Aluminio. Departamento de Nutrici\u00c3\u00b3n, Bromotolog\u00c3\u00ada y Toxicolog\u00c3\u00ada. Facultad de Farmacia. Madrid, Espa\u00c3\u00b1a: Universidad de Alcal\u00c3\u00a1. http:\/\/www.aetox.es\/Revista\/e-revistas\/aliment\/ali01.pdf (accessed 2 Jul 2006)."}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.2009.047928","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T02:18:34Z","timestamp":1740449914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.2009.047928"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,26]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.2009.047928"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.2009.047928","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1351-0711"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1470-7926"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,26]]}}}