{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:47:53Z","timestamp":1791344873457,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/oem.37.4.337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,16]],"date-time":"2008-12-16T23:47:17Z","timestamp":1229471237000},"page":"337-362","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Deposition, retention, and clearance of inhaled particles."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Lippmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D B","family":"Yeates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R E","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"855","article-title":"Damage to human nasal mucosa by wood dust","volume-title":"WH. Inhaled particles 111, Part 2","author":"Hadfield, E.D.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hadfield ED. Damage to human nasal mucosa by wood dust. In: Walton WH. Inhaled particles 111, Part 2. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1971:855-60."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"Adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity and sinuses in England and Wales","volume":"29","author":"Acheson, E.D.; Cowdell, R.H.; Rang, E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Acheson ED, Cowdell RH, Rang E. Adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity and sinuses in England and Wales. Br J Ind Med 1972;29:21-30.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_3","series-title":"Proceedings of First International Congress on Aerosols in Medicine","first-page":"335","article-title":"Impairment of nasal mucociliary clearance in woodworkers in the furniture industry","author":"Morgan, A.; Black, A.; Evans, J.C.; Hadfield, E.H.; MacBeth, R.G.; Walsh, M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Morgan A, Black A, Evans JC, Hadfield EH, MacBeth RG, Walsh M. Impairment of nasal mucociliary clearance in woodworkers in the furniture industry. Proceedings of First International Congress on Aerosols in Medicine. Baden, Austria: Internationale Gesellschaft fur Aerosole in der Medizin, 1973:335-8."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"2567","article-title":"Videnskob og Praksis","volume":"137","author":"Laeger, Ugeskr","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ugeskr Laeger, Videnskob og Praksis 1975;137:2567."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90411-4","article-title":"Smoking and laryngeal cancer","volume":"i:","author":"Stell, P.M.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Stell PM. Smoking and laryngeal cancer. Lancet, 1972; i:617-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref_6","first-page":"738","article-title":"The characteristics of bronchial clearance in humans and the effect of cigarette smoking","volume":"1969","author":"Albert, R.E.; Lippmann, M.; Briscoe, W.","unstructured":"Albert RE, Lippmann M, Briscoe W. The characteristics of bronchial clearance in humans and the effect of cigarette smoking. Arch Environ Health 1969;18:738-55.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1973.107.4.602","article-title":"Regional clearance of ions from the airways of the lung","volume":"107","author":"Yeates, D.B.; Aspin, N.; Bryan, A.C.; Levison, H.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Yeates DB, Aspin N, Bryan AC, Levison H. Regional clearance of ions from the airways of the lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;107:602-8.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"429","article-title":"Inhalation and biological effects of asbestos","volume-title":"of airborne particles","author":"Timbrell, V.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Timbrell V. Inhalation and biological effects of asbestos. In: Mercer TT. Morrow PE, Stober W, eds. Assessment of airborne particles. Springfield, Illinois: CC Thomas, 1972:429-41."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"290","article-title":"An aerosol spectrometer and its applications","volume-title":"of airborne particles","author":"Timbrell, V.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Timbrell V. An aerosol spectrometer and its applications. In: Mercer TT, Morrow PE, Stober W, eds. Assessment of airborne particles. Springfield, Illinois: CC Thomas, 1972:290-330."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1021\/es60035a002","article-title":"Size-separating precipitation in a spinning spiral duct","volume":"3","author":"Stober, W.; Flachsbart, H.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Stober W, Flachsbart H. Size-separating precipitation in a spinning spiral duct. Environmental Science and Technology 1969;3:1280-96.","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"59","article-title":"The retention of hygroscopic dusts in the human lungs","volume":"15","author":"Milburn, R.H.; Crider, W.C.; Morton, S.D.","year":"1957","unstructured":";43:1106-12.","journal-title":"Arch Ind Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8502(71)90009-7","article-title":"Untersuchungen zur Frage des Wachstums von inhalierten Aerosolteilchen im Atemtrakt","volume":"2","author":"Porstendorfer, J.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Milburn RH, Crider WC, Morton SD. The retention of hygroscopic dusts in the human lungs. Arch Ind Health 1957;15:59-62.","journal-title":"Journal of Aerosol Science"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"90","article-title":"The deposition of aerosol in the human lung. Aerosole in Physik, Medizin und Technik","author":"Davies, C.N.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Porstendorfer J. Untersuchungen zur Frage des Wachstums von inhalierten Aerosolteilchen im Atemtrakt. Journal of Aerosol Science 1971;2:73-9."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"516","article-title":"The number and dimensions of small airways in non-emphysematous lungs","volume":"104","author":"Matsuba, K.; Thurlbeck, W.M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Davies CN. The deposition of aerosol in the human lung. Aerosole in Physik, Medizin und Technik. Bad Soden: Gesellschaft fur Aerosolforschung, 1973:90-9.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.30.3.293","article-title":"Variability in the size of airspaces in normal human lungs as estimated by aerosols","volume":"30","author":"Lapp, N.L.; Hankinson, J.L.; Amandus, H.; Palmes, E.D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Matsuba K, Thurlbeck WM. The number and dimensions of small airways in non-emphysematous lungs. Am Rev Respir Dis 1971;104:516-24.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"123","key":"ref_16","first-page":"9","article-title":"Mucus flow and ciliary activity in the trachea of healthy cats and rats exposed to respiratory irritant gases","volume":"1956","author":"Dalhamn, T.","unstructured":"Lapp NL, Hankinson JL, Amandus H, Palmes ED. Variability in the size of airspaces in normal human lungs as estimated by aerosols. Thorax 1975;30:293-9.","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand (suppl)"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"350","article-title":"Ultrastructural observations on the mucous layer in pulmonary airways","volume":"70","author":"Luchtel, D.L.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Dalhamn T. Mucus flow and ciliary activity in the trachea of healthy cats and rats exposed to respiratory irritant gases. Acta Physiol Scand (suppl) 1956;123:9-161.","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"25","article-title":"Regional deposition of aerosols","volume-title":"pollution and the lung","author":"Lippmann, M.; Altshuler, B.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Luchtel DL. Ultrastructural observations on the mucous layer in pulmonary airways. J Cell Biol 1976;70:350a."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"105","article-title":"The regional deposition of inhaled aerosols in man","volume-title":"particles III. Old Woking","author":"Lippmann, M.; Albert, R.E.; HT, Jr, Peterson","year":"1971","unstructured":"Lippmann M, Altshuler B. Regional deposition of aerosols. In: Aharonson EF, Ben-David A, Klingberg MA, eds. Air pollution and the lung. Jerusalem: Halsted Press-John Wiley, 1976:25-48."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"183","article-title":"Regional distribution and lung clearance mechanisms in smokers and non-smokers","volume-title":"particles III. Old Woking","author":"Sanchis, J.; Dolovich, M.; Chalmers, R.; Newhouse, M.T.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Lippmann M, Albert RE, Peterson HT Jr. The regional deposition of inhaled aerosols in man. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles III. Old Woking, Surrey: Unwin Brothers Ltd, 1971:105-20."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"127","article-title":"Influence of respiratory air space dimensions on aerosol deposition","volume-title":"particles and vapouirs IV","author":"Palmes, E.D.; Lippmann, M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sanchis J, Dolovich M, Chalmers R, Newhouse MT. Regional distribution and lung clearance mechanisms in smokers and non-smokers. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles III. Old Woking, Surrey: Unwin Brothers Ltd, 1971:183-91."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1974.10666571","article-title":"Particle penetration and clearance in the human lung","volume":"29","author":"Thomson, M.L.; Pavia, D.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Palmes ED, Lippmann M. Influence of respiratory air space dimensions on aerosol deposition. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles and vapouirs IV. London: Pergamon Press, 1977:127-36.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_23","article-title":"The effects of glyceryl guaiacolate on bronchial clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis","author":"Cohen, V.R.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Thomson ML, Pavia D. Particle penetration and clearance in the human lung. Arch Environ Health 1974;29:214-9.","journal-title":"New York University"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"131","article-title":"Aerosol deposition in the lungs of coalworkers","volume-title":"particles III","author":"Love, R.G.; Muir, D.C.F.; Sweetland, K.F.","year":"1971","unstructured":"' Cohen VR. The effects of glyceryl guaiacolate on bronchial clearance in patients with chronic bronchitis. New York University, 1977. (MS Thesis.)"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"891","article-title":"Aerosol deposition and airway obstruction","volume":"114","author":"Love, R.G.; Muir, D.C.F.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Love RG, Muir DCF, Sweetland KF. Aerosol deposition in the lungs of coalworkers. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles III. Vol 1. Old Woking, Surrey: Unwin Brothers Ltd, 1971:131-9.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dix"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1963.10663583","article-title":"Deposition and disposal of inhaled dust","volume":"7","author":"Heppleston, A.G.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Love RG, Muir DCF. Aerosol deposition and airway obstruction. Am Rev Respir Dix 1976;114:891-7.","journal-title":"Arch Fnviron Health"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"391","article-title":"Pulmonary air space size in coal miners","volume":"119","author":"Hankinson, J.L.; Palmes, E.D.; Lapp, N.L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Heppleston AG. Deposition and disposal of inhaled dust. Arch Fnviron Health 1963;7:548-55.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"169","article-title":"Deposition and retention of dust in the human respiratory tract","volume":"7","author":"Davies, C.N.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Hankinson JL, Palmes ED, Lapp NL. Pulmonary air space size in coal miners. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979; 119:391-7.","journal-title":"Ann Occ up Hyg"},{"key":"ref_29","article-title":"Puilmonarv deposition and retention of inhaled aerosols","author":"Hatch, T.F.; Gross, P.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Davies CN. Deposition and retention of dust in the human respiratory tract. Ann Occ up Hyg 1964;7:169-83."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"213","article-title":"Regional deposition of particles in the human respiratory tract","volume-title":"ofphysiology section IXreactions to environmental agents","author":"Lippmann, M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Hatch TF, Gross P. Puilmonarv deposition and retention of inhaled aerosols. New York: Academic Press, 1964."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1973.00320070056006","article-title":"Deposition of inhaled aerosols","volume":"131","author":"Stuart, B.O.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lippmann M. Regional deposition of particles in the human respiratory tract. In: Lee DHK, Falk HL, Murphy SD, eds. Handbook ofphysiology section IXreactions to environmental agents. Bethesda, Md: American Physiological Society, 1977:213-32.","journal-title":"Arch Int Med"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"173","article-title":"Task Group on Lung Dynamics Committee 11-ICRP. Deposition and retention models for internal dosimetry of the human respiratory tract","volume":"12","year":"1966","unstructured":"Stuart BO. Deposition of inhaled aerosols. Arch Int Med 1973;131:60-73.","journal-title":"Health PhY's"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"359","article-title":"On the retention of airborne particulates in the human lung","volume":"3","author":"Landahl, H.D.; Tracewell, T.N.; Lassen, W.H.","year":"1951","unstructured":"Task Group on Lung Dynamics Committee 11-ICRP. Deposition and retention models for internal dosimetry of the human respiratory tract Health PhY's 1966; 12:173-208.","journal-title":"Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"508","article-title":"Retention of airborne particulates in the human lung Ill","author":"Landahl, H.D.; Tracewell, T.N.; Lassen, W.H.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Landahl HD, Tracewell TN, Lassen WH. On the retention of airborne particulates in the human lung. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine 1951; 3:359-66.","journal-title":"Archives of Industrial H.vgiene and Occuipational Medicine"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"293","article-title":"Aerosol deposition in the human respiratory tract","volume":"15","author":"Altshuler, B.; Yarmus, L.; Palmes, E.D.; Nelson, N.","year":"1957","unstructured":"Landahl HD, Tracewell TN, Lassen WH. Retention of airborne particulates in the human lung Ill. Archives of Industrial H.vgiene and Occuipational Medicine 1952; 6;508-11.","journal-title":"Arch Ind Health"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1080\/0002889728506713","article-title":"Deposition efficiency of monodisperse particles in human respiratory tract","volume":"33","author":"Giacomelli-Maltoni, G.; Melandri, C.; Prodi, V.; Tarroni, G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Altshuler B, Yarmus L, Palmes ED, Nelson N. Aerosol deposition in the human respiratory tract. Arch Ind Health 1957;15:293-303.","journal-title":"Am Ind HYg Assoc J"},{"key":"ref_37","article-title":"Die in-vivo Bestimmung der Aerosolteilchendeposition im Atemtrakt bei mund-bzw. Nasenatmung. Aerosole in Physik, Medizin und Technik","volume":"3","author":"Martens, A.; Jacobi, W.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Giacomelli-Maltoni G, Melandri C, Prodi V, Tarroni G. Deposition efficiency of monodisperse particles in human respiratory tract. Am Ind HYg Assoc J 1972; 33:603-10."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"343","article-title":"um diameter particles in healthy male nonsmokers","volume":"9","year":"1978","unstructured":"Martens A, Jacobi W. Die in-vivo Bestimmung der Aerosolteilchendeposition im Atemtrakt bei mund-bzw. Nasenatmung. Aerosole in Physik, Medizin und Technik. Bad Soden, W Germany: Gesellschaft fur Aerosolforschung, 1973:117-21 3 Foord N, Black A, Walsh M. Regional deposition of","journal-title":"Journal of Aerosol Science"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"161","article-title":"The deposition of 0 5, um diameter aerosols in the lungs of man","volume":"10","author":"Muir, D.C.F.; Davies, C.N.","year":"1967","unstructured":"5-7-5,um diameter particles in healthy male nonsmokers. Journal of Aerosol Science 1978;9:343-57.","journal-title":"Ann Occutp Hyg"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.5.591","article-title":"Breathing of half-micron aerosols","volume":"32","author":"Davies, C.N.; Heyder, J.; Subba Ramu, M.C.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Muir DCF, Davies CN. The deposition of 0 5,um diameter aerosols in the lungs of man. Ann Occutp Hyg 1967;10:161-74.","journal-title":"I Experimental. J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8502(73)90002-5","article-title":"Experimental studies of the total deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract","volume":"4","author":"Heyder, J.; Gebhart, J.; Heigwer, G.; Roth, C.; Stahlhofen, W.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Davies CN, Heyder J, Subba Ramu MC. Breathing of half-micron aerosols. I Experimental. J Appl Physiol 1972;32:591-600.","journal-title":"Journal of Aerosol Science"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"\"122","article-title":"Deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract. Aerosole in Physik, Medizin und Technik","volume":"9","author":"L, Heyder J.Armbruster; J, Gebhart; W, Stahlhofen","year":"1973","unstructured":"Heyder J, Gebhart J, Heigwer G, Roth C, Stahlhofen W. Experimental studies of the total deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract. Journal of Aerosol Science 1973;4:191-208.","journal-title":"Jouirnal of Aerosol Science; 1"},{"key":"ref_43","article-title":"Experimental measurements and empirical modelling of the regional deposition of inhaled particles in humans","author":"Chan, T.L.; Lippmann, M.","unstructured":"Heyder J. Armbruster L, Gebhart J, Stahlhofen W. Deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract. Aerosole in Physik, Medizin und Technik. Bad Soden, W Germany: Gesellschaft fur Aerosolforschung, 1973:122-5. 1' Heyder J Gebhart J, Roth C, et al. Intercomparison of lung deposition data for aerosol particles. Jouirnal of Aerosol Science 1978;9:147-55.","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"},{"key":"ref_44","article-title":"Experimental determination of the regional deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract","author":"Stahlhofen, W.; Gebhart, J.; Heyder, J.","unstructured":"Chan TL, Lippmann M. Experimental measurements and empirical modelling of the regional deposition of inhaled particles in humans. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J (in press).","journal-title":"Am Ind HYg Assoc J"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02460600","article-title":"A two component theory of aerosol deposition in human lung airways","volume":"40","author":"Yu, C.P.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Stahlhofen W, Gebhart J, Heyder J. Experimental determination of the regional deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract. Am Ind HYg Assoc J (in press).","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"151","article-title":"Experimental studies of the deposition of particles in the human lungs","author":"Davies, C.N.; Lever, M.J.; Rothenberg, S.J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"' Yu CP. A two component theory of aerosol deposition in human lung airways. Bull Math Biol 1978;40:693-706."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8502(75)90020-8","article-title":"Total deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract for nose and mouth breathing","volume":"6","author":"Heyder, J.; Armbruster, L.; Gebhart, J.; Grein, E.; Stahlhofen, W.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Davies CN, Lever MJ, Rothenberg SJ. Experimental studies of the deposition of particles in the human lungs. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles IV. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977:151-62.","journal-title":"Joutrnal of Aerosol Science"},{"issue":"30","key":"ref_48","first-page":"257","article-title":"The effect of particle size on the regional deposition of inhaled aerosols in the human respiratory tract","volume":"1969","author":"Lippmann, M.; Albert, R.E.","unstructured":"Heyder J, Armbruster L, Gebhart J, Grein E, Stahlhofen W. Total deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract for nose and mouth breathing. Joutrnal of Aerosol Science 1975;6:311-28.","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"237","article-title":"Am Ind HYg Assoc","volume":"33","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lippmann M, Albert RE. The effect of particle size on the regional deposition of inhaled aerosols in the human respiratory tract. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1969;30:257-75.","journal-title":"J"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(78)90123-8","article-title":"Selective particle deposition and bronchogenic carcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Schlesinger, R.B.; Lippmann, M.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Am Ind HYg Assoc J 1972;33:237-51.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"120","article-title":"Dust sampling and lung disease","volume":"9","author":"Davies, C.N.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Schlesinger RB, Lippmann M. Selective particle deposition and bronchogenic carcinoma. Environ Res 1978;15: 424-31.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_52","article-title":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminantsfor 1968","year":"1968","unstructured":"Davies CN. Dust sampling and lung disease. Br J Ind Med 1952;9:120-6."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01752351","article-title":"Uber das Absetzen kleiner, in der Luft suspendierten Teilchen in der menschlichen Lunge bei der Atmung","volume":"236","author":"Findeisen, W.","year":"1935","unstructured":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminantsfor 1968. Cincinnati: ACGIH, 1968.","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02477345","article-title":"On the removal of airborne droplets by the human respiratory tract: I The lung","volume":"12","author":"Landahl, H.D.","year":"1950","unstructured":"Findeisen W. Uber das Absetzen kleiner, in der Luft suspendierten Teilchen in der menschlichen Lunge bei der Atmung. Pflugers Arch 1935;236:367-79.","journal-title":"Biulletin of Mathematical Biophysics"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"29","article-title":"Particle removal by the respiratory system","volume":"25","author":"Landahl, H.D.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Landahl HD. On the removal of airborne droplets by the human respiratory tract: I The lung. Biulletin of Mathematical Biophysics 1950;12:43-56.","journal-title":"Bulletin of Mathematical BiophYsics"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1139\/y65-015","article-title":"The deposition of aerosols in the respiratory tract. I Mathematical analysis and comparison with experimental data","volume":"43","author":"Beeckmans, J.M.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Landahl HD. Particle removal by the respiratory system. Bulletin of Mathematical BiophYsics 1963;25:29-39.","journal-title":"Can J PhYsiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"163","article-title":"Diffusion from a stream flowing","volume-title":"through a cylinder. Proc R","author":"Gormley, P.G.; Kennedy, M.","unstructured":"Beeckmans JM. The deposition of aerosols in the respiratory tract. I Mathematical analysis and comparison with experimental data. Can J PhYsiol Pharmacol 1965;43:157-72."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"302","article-title":"The retention of gases and particles in the human nose","volume-title":"particles and vapours","author":"Pattle, R.E.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Gormley PG, Kennedy M. Diffusion from a stream flowing through a cylinder. Proc R Ir Acad 1949; A52:163-9."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1973.00320070111013","article-title":"Bronchial deposition and clearance of aerosols","volume":"131","author":"Albert, R.E.; Lippmann, M.; HT, Jr, Peterson; Berger, J.; Sanborn, K.; Bohning, D.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Pattle RE. The retention of gases and particles in the human nose. In: Davies CN, ed. Inhaled particles and vapours. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1961:302-9.","journal-title":"Arch Int Med"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"849","article-title":"Quantification, origin and fate of pulmonary macrophages","volume-title":"defense mechanisms","author":"Brain, J.D.; Godleski, J.J.; Sorokin, S.P.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Albert RE, Lippmann M, Peterson HT Jr, Berger J, Sanborn K, Bohning D. Bronchial deposition and clearance of aerosols. Arch Int Med 1973;131:115-27."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"1","article-title":"Experimental study of the dust clearance mechanism of the lung","volume":"175","author":"Brundelet, P.J.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Brain JD, Godleski JJ, Sorokin SP. Quantification, origin and fate of pulmonary macrophages. In: Brain JD, Proctor DF, Reid LM, eds. Respiratory defense mechanisms. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1977:849-92.","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1973.35.5.719","article-title":"Clearance of inhaled particles from alveoli by normal interstitial drainage pathways","volume":"35","author":"Tucker, A.D.; Wyatt, J.H.; Undery, D.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Brundelet PJ. Experimental study of the dust clearance mechanism of the lung. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1965;175:1-141.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"73","article-title":"Clinical aspects of mucociliary transport","volume":"116","author":"Wanner, A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Tucker AD, Wyatt JH, Undery D. Clearance of inhaled particles from alveoli by normal interstitial drainage pathways. J Appl Physiol 1973;35:719-32.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1971.31.2.207","article-title":"Cumming G Models of the human bronchial tree","volume":"31","author":"Horsfield, K.; Olson, Dart G.; DE, Filley; G.F.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Wanner A. Clinical aspects of mucociliary transport Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;116:73-125.","journal-title":"J Appl Physio"},{"key":"ref_65","article-title":"The cells of the pulmonary airways","author":"Breeze, R.G.; Wheeldon, E.B.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Horsfield K, Dart G. Olson DE, Filley GF, Cumming G Models of the human bronchial tree. J Appl Physio 1971;31:207-17.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis; International Symposium on Aerobiologyi'; 116: 705-77 68 Reid L. The landing site in airborne transmission and airborne infection IV. International symposium"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(70)90015-0","article-title":"The stability of peripheral airways","volume":"8","author":"Macklem, P.T.; Proctor, D.F.; Hogg, T.C.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Breeze RG, Wheeldon EB. The cells of the pulmonary airways. Am Rev Respir Dis 1975;116:705-77 68 Reid L. The landing site in airborne transmission and airborne infection IV. International symposium. In: Vlers JFPk, Winkler KC, eds. International Symposium on Aerobiologyi'. Utrecht: Oostheoh Publishing Company, 1973.","journal-title":"Respir PhYsiol"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(78)90102-0","article-title":"A mathematical description of the airways of the human lungs","volume":"32","author":"Yeates, D.B.; Aspin, N.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Macklem PT, Proctor DF, Hogg TC. The stability of peripheral airways. Respir PhYsiol 1970;8:191-203.","journal-title":"Respir Phvsiol"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"1209","article-title":"A study of particulate clearance from the human lungs","volume":"96","author":"Morrow, P.E.; Gibb, F.R.; Gazioglu, K.M.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Yeates DB, Aspin N. A mathematical description of the airways of the human lungs. Respir Phvsiol 1978;32: 91-104.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Di'"},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"353","article-title":"Autoradiographic investigations of cell formation in the respiratory tract, eustachian tube, middle ear and external auditory canal","volume":"56","author":"Gottesberge, A.M.; Koburg, E.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Morrow PE, Gibb FR, Gazioglu KM. A study of particulate clearance from the human lungs. Am Rev Respir Di' 1967;96:1209-21.","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref_70","first-page":"492","article-title":"Observations on the secretion of the bronchioles with the scanning electron microscope","volume":"112","author":"Ebert, R.V.; Terracio, M.J.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gottesberge AM, Koburg E. Autoradiographic investigations of cell formation in the respiratory tract, eustachian tube, middle ear and external auditory canal. Acta Otolaryngol 1963;56;353-61.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"819","article-title":"Mucous lining of major bronchi in the rabbit lung","volume":"115","author":"Sturgess, J.M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ebert RV, Terracio MJ. Observations on the secretion of the bronchioles with the scanning electron microscope. Am Rev Respir Dis 1975;112:492-6.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_72","first-page":"721","article-title":"Pulmonary airway clearance mechanisms: A reappraisal","volume":"115","author":"A, Van As","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sturgess JM. Mucous lining of major bronchi in the rabbit lung. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;115:819-27.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"857","article-title":"Thickness of bronchial epithelium with relations to exposure to radon","volume":"23","author":"Gastineau, R.M.; Walsh, P.J.; Underwood, N.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Van As A. Pulmonary airway clearance mechanisms: A reappraisal. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;115:721-5.","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref_74","first-page":"132","article-title":"Measurement of the bronchial mucous gland layer: A diagnostic yardstick in chronic bronchitis","volume":"1960","author":"Reid, L.","unstructured":"Gastineau RM, Walsh PJ, Underwood N. Thickness of bronchial epithelium with relations to exposure to radon. Health Phys 1972;23:857-60.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.3.487","article-title":"Mucociliary tracheal transport rates in man","volume":"39","year":"1975","unstructured":"Reid L. Measurement of the bronchial mucous gland layer: A diagnostic yardstick in chronic bronchitis. Thorax 1960;15:132-41.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"146","article-title":"Effect of adrenergic agents and their mode of action on mucociliary clearance in man","volume":"4","author":"Foster, W.M.; Bergofsky, E.H.; Bohning, D.E.; Lippmann, M.; Albert, R.E.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Mucociliary tracheal transport rates in man. J Appl Physiol 1975;39:487-95.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071466","article-title":"Secretory cells and their glycoproteins in health and disease","volume":"34","author":"Jones, R.; Reid, L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Foster WM, Bergofsky EH, Bohning DE, Lippmann M, Albert RE. Effect of adrenergic agents and their mode of action on mucociliary clearance in man. J Appl Physiol 1976;4: 146-52.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1977.116.4.695","article-title":"Glycoprotein secretion by tracheal explants cultured from rats exposed to ozone","volume":"116","author":"Last, J.A.; Jennings, M.D.; Schwartz, L.W.; Cross, L.E.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Jones R, Reid L. Secretory cells and their glycoproteins in health and disease. Br Med Bull 1978;34:9-16.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071459","article-title":"Is mucus a selective barrier to macromolecules?","volume":"34","author":"Edwards, P.A.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Last JA, Jennings MD, Schwartz LW, Cross LE. Glycoprotein secretion by tracheal explants cultured from rats exposed to ozone. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;116: 695-703.","journal-title":"Br Med B\/ill"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.37.3.333","article-title":"Results of an analytical model of mucociliary pumping","volume":"37","author":"Ross, S.M.; Corrsin, S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Edwards PA. Is mucus a selective barrier to macromolecules? Br Med B\/ill 1978;34:55-6.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1974.10666572","article-title":"Increased mucociliary transport by cholinergic stimulation","volume":"29","author":"Camner, P.; Strandberg, K.; Philipson, K.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ross SM, Corrsin S. Results of an analytical model of mucociliary pumping. J Appl Physiol 1974;37:333-400.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1976.10667194","article-title":"Increased mucociliary transport by adrenergic stimulation","volume":"31","author":"Camner, P.; Strandberg, K.; Philipson, K.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Camner P, Strandberg K, Philipson K. Increased mucociliary transport by cholinergic stimulation. Arch Environ Health 1974;29:220-4.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)92432-9","article-title":"Inhibition of mucociliary clearance from the human lung by hyoscine","volume":"1","author":"Pavia, D.; Thomson, M.L.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Camner P, Strandberg K, Philipson K. Increased mucociliary transport by adrenergic stimulation. Arch Environ Health 1976;31:79-82.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197607000-00010","article-title":"Halothane depresses mucociliary flow in the trachea","volume":"45","author":"Forbes, A.R.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Pavia D, Thomson ML. Inhibition of mucociliary clearance from the human lung by hyoscine. Lancet 1971;1:449-50.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.38.5.946","article-title":"Effects of topical and general anaesthetic agents on tracheal mucous velocity for sheep","volume":"38","author":"Landa, J.; Hirsch, J.; Lebeaux, M.I.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Forbes AR. Halothane depresses mucociliary flow in the trachea. Anesthesiology 1976;45:59-63.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071460","article-title":"Control of secretion of tracheobronchial mucus","volume":"34","author":"Widdicombe, J.G.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Landa J, Hirsch J, Lebeaux MI. Effects of topical and general anaesthetic agents on tracheal mucous velocity for sheep. J Appl Physiol 1975;38:946-8.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"117","article-title":"Autonomic control of airway smooth muscle and airway secretions","volume":"115","author":"Nadel, J.A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Widdicombe JG. Control of secretion of tracheobronchial mucus. Br Med Bull 1978;34:57-61.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref_88","first-page":"30","article-title":"The effect of acute exposure to cigarette smoke on bronchial clearance in the miniature donkey","volume":"1969","unstructured":"Nadel JA. Autonomic control of airway smooth muscle and airway secretions. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;115: 117-26.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1971.10666030","article-title":"Cigarette smoking in man","volume":"23","author":"Camner, P.; Philipson, K.; Arvidsson, T.","year":"1971","unstructured":"The effect of acute exposure to cigarette smoke on bronchial clearance in the miniature donkey. Arch Environ Health 1969;18:30-41.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1973.10666230","article-title":"Long-term tobacco smoking and mucociliary clearance from the human lung in health and respiratory impairment","volume":"26","author":"Thomson, M.L.; Pavia, D.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Camner P, Philipson K, Arvidsson T. Cigarette smoking in man. Arch Environ Health 1971;23:421-6.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1038\/2261228a0","article-title":"No demonstrable long-term effects of cigarette smoking on the mucociliary mechanism of the human lung","volume":"226","author":"Pavia, D.; Short, M.D.; Thomson, M.L.","year":"1970","unstructured":";50:1411-9.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_92","first-page":"313","article-title":"Clearance of RISA aerosol from the human lung","volume-title":"dynamics","author":"AAirway, Bouhuys","year":"1970","unstructured":"Thomson ML, Pavia D. Long-term tobacco smoking and mucociliary clearance from the human lung in health and respiratory impairment. Arch Environ Health 1973; 26:86-9."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197303292881304","article-title":"Pulmonary mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis","volume":"288","author":"Sanchis, J.; Dolovich, M.; Rossman, C.; Wilson, W.; Newhouse, M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Pavia D, Short MD, Thomson ML. No demonstrable long-term effects of cigarette smoking on the mucociliary mechanism of the human lung. Nature 1970; 226:1228-37.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1975.10666769","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide and tracheobronchial clearance in man","volume":"30","year":"1975","unstructured":"Clearance of RISA aerosol from the human lung. In: Bouhuys A, ed. Airway dynamics. Springfield, Illinois: CC Thomas, 1970:313-7.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_95","first-page":"144","article-title":"Effect of lung function and mode of inhalation on penetration of aerosol into the human lung","volume":"32","author":"Pavia, D.; Thomson, M.L.; Clarke, S.W.; Shannon, H.S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sanchis J, Dolovich M, Rossman C, Wilson W, Newhouse M. Pulmonary mucociliary clearance in cystic fibrosis. N Engl J Med 1973;288:651-4.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1977.10667269","article-title":"Aerosol inhalation and depth of deposition in the human lung","volume":"32","author":"Pavia, D.; Thomson, M.; Shannon, H.S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sulfur dioxide and tracheobronchial clearance in man. Arch Environ Health 1975;30:521-7.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"199","article-title":"Enhanced clearance of secretions from the human after the administration of hypertonic saline aerosol","volume":"117","author":"Pavia, D.; Thomson, M.L.; Clarke, S.W.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pavia D, Thomson ML, Clarke SW, Shannon HS. Effect of lung function and mode of inhalation on penetration of aerosol into the human lung. Thorax 1977;32:144-97.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_98","first-page":"267","article-title":"Tracheal mucociliary transport and its relationship to bronchial clearance in man","volume":"117","author":"Yeates, D.B.; Pitt, B.R.; Spektor, D.; Karron, G.A.; Albert, R.E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pavia D, Thomson M, Shannon HS. Aerosol inhalation and depth of deposition in the human lung. Arch Environ Health 1977;32:131-7.","journal-title":"(Abstract) Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071461","article-title":"Bronchial mucus in health and disease","volume":"34","author":"Lopez-Vidriero, M.; Reid, L.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pavia D, Thomson ML, Clarke SW. Enhanced clearance of secretions from the human after the administration of hypertonic saline aerosol. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978; 117:199-203.","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"107","article-title":"Mechanism of respiratory tract clearance","author":"Asmundsson, J.; Kilburn, K.H.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Yeates DB, Pitt BR, Spektor D, Karron GA, Albert RE. Tracheal mucociliary transport and its relationship to bronchial clearance in man. (Abstract) Am Rev Respir Dis 1978;117:267."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1974.10666540","article-title":"Effects of cigarette smoke components on bronchial clearance in the donkey","volume":"29","author":"Albert, R.E.; Berger, J.; Sanborn, K.; Lippmann, M.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Lopez-Vidriero M, Reid L. Bronchial mucus in health and disease. Br Med Bull 1978;34:63-74.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1975.10666720","article-title":"Short-term effect of cigarette smoking on bronchial clearance in humans","volume":"30","author":"Albert, R.E.; HT, Jr, Peterson; Bohning, D.E.; Lippmann, M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Asmundsson J, Kilburn KH. Mechanism of respiratory tract clearance. In: Dulfano MJ, ed. Sputum. Springfield, Illinois: CC Thomas, 1973:107-80.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1975.10666750","article-title":"Tracheobronchial particle deposition and clearance. A study of the effects of cigarette smoking in monozygotic twins","volume":"30","year":"1975","unstructured":"Albert RE, Berger J, Sanborn K, Lippmann M. Effects of cigarette smoke components on bronchial clearance in the donkey. Arch Environ Health 1974;29:96-101.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1972.10666136","article-title":"Tracheobronchial clearance in smoking-discordant twins","volume":"25","author":"Camner, P.; Philipson, K.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Albert RE, Peterson HT Jr, Bohning DE, Lippmann M. Short-term effect of cigarette smoking on bronchial clearance in humans. Arch Environ Health 1975;30: 361-7.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_105","first-page":"\"12","article-title":"Withdrawal of cigarette smoking. Arch Environ Health 1973; 26: 90-2. ' Albert RE","volume":"22","author":"Camner, P.; Philipson, K.; Arvidss6n, T.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Tracheobronchial particle deposition and clearance. A study of the effects of cigarette smoking in monozygotic twins. Arch Environ Health 1975;30:457-62.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health; Long-term smoking in the donkey"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1968.10665237","article-title":"Effect of sulfur dioxide exposure on bronchial clearance in the donkey","volume":"17","author":"Spiegelman, JR, Hanson; GD, Lazarus; A, Bennett; R, Lippmann; M, Albert; R.E.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Camner P, Philipson K. Tracheobronchial clearance in smoking-discordant twins. Arch Environ Health 1972; 25:60-3.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1975.10666772","article-title":"Sulfuric acid and streptococci clearance from respiratory tracts of mice","volume":"30","author":"Fairchild, G.A.; Kane, P.; Adams, B.; Coffin, D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Camner P, Philipson K, Arvidss6n T. Withdrawal of cigarette smoking. Arch Environ Health 1973;26:90-2. ' Albert RE, Alessandro D, Lippmann M, Berger J. Long-term smoking in the donkey. Arch Environ Health 1971;22:12-9. \"I Wolff RK, Dolovich M, Obminski G, Newhouse MT. Effect of sulfur dioxide on tracheobronchial clearance at rest and during exercise. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles IV. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977:321-30.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"275","article-title":"Effects of short-term exposures to sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate aerosols upon bronchial airway function in the donkey","volume":"39","author":"Schlesinger, R.B.; Lippmann, M.; Albert, R.E.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Spiegelman JR, Hanson GD, Lazarus A, Bennett R, Lippmann M, Albert RE. Effect of sulfur dioxide exposure on bronchial clearance in the donkey. Arch Environ Health 1968;17:321-6.","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J; Deposition, retention, and clearance of inhaled particles"},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"227","article-title":"Effect of inhaled sulfuric acid mist on tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance and respiratory mechanics in healthy nonsmokers","volume":"119","author":"Leikauf, G.; Yeates, D.B.; Wales, K.; Lippmann, M.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fairchild GA, Kane P, Adams B, Coffin D. Sulfuric acid and streptococci clearance from respiratory tracts of mice. Arch Environ Health 1975;30:538-45.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis; Carbon dust and mucociliary transport"},{"key":"ref_110","first-page":"619","article-title":"Human response to controlled levels of inert dust","volume":"119","year":"1979","unstructured":"Schlesinger RB, Lippmann M, Albert RE. Effects of short-term exposures to sulfuric acid and ammonium sulfate aerosols upon bronchial airway function in the donkey. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1978;39:275-86. Deposition, retention, and clearance of inhaled particles","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"65","key":"ref_111","first-page":"475","article-title":"Experimental studies on some little understood aspects of the physiology of the respiratory tract and their clinical importance","volume":"1961","author":"Hilding, A.C.","unstructured":"Leikauf G, Yeates DB, Wales K, Lippmann M. Effect of inhaled sulfuric acid mist on tracheobronchial mucociliary clearance and respiratory mechanics in healthy nonsmokers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979;119:227 (Abstract). Camner P, Helstrom PA, Philipson K. Carbon dust and mucociliary transport. Arch Environ Health 1973;26: 294-6.","journal-title":"Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref_112","article-title":"Aerosol deposition in models of a human lung bifurcation","author":"Bell, K.A.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Andersen 1, Lundqvist GR, Proctor DF, Swift DL. Human response to controlled levels of inert dust. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979;119:619-27."},{"key":"ref_113","first-page":"272","article-title":"Tracheobronchial clearance and chronic obstructive lung disease","volume":"54","author":"Camner, P.; Mossberg, B.; Philipson, K.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Hilding AC. Experimental studies on some little understood aspects of the physiology of the respiratory tract and their clinical importance. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol 1961;65:475-95.","journal-title":"Scand J Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"1046","article-title":"Particle clearance from the human tracheobronchial tree","volume":"97","author":"Luchsinger, P.C.; LaGarde, B.; Kilfeather, J.E.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Bell KA. Aerosol deposition in models of a human lung bifurcation. Pasadena, Calif: California Institute of Technology, 1974. (PhD thesis.)","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_115","article-title":"Quantitative and selective bronchial clearance studies using 99mTcsulfate particles","author":"Matthys, H.; Muller, M.; Konietzko, N.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Camner P, Mossberg B, Philipson K. Tracheobronchial clearance and chronic obstructive lung disease. Scand J Respir Dis 1973;54:272-81.","journal-title":"Scand J Respir Dis; suppl No 85"},{"key":"ref_116","first-page":"145","article-title":"The viscosity of bronchial secretion","volume":"38","author":"M, Sturgess J.; AJ, Palfrey; L, Reid","year":"1970","unstructured":"Luchsinger PC, LaGarde B, Kilfeather JE. Particle clearance from the human tracheobronchial tree. Am Rev Respir Dis 1968;97:1046-50.","journal-title":"Clin Sci Mol Med"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/205252a0","article-title":"Clearance of particulate matter from the tracheobronchial tree in patients with tuberculosis","volume":"205","author":"Wagner, H.N.; Lopez-Majano, V.; Langan, J.K.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Matthys H, Muller M, Konietzko N. Quantitative and selective bronchial clearance studies using 99mTcsulfate particles. Scand J Respir Dis 1975;suppl No 85.","journal-title":"Natuire"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.51.1.28","article-title":"Mucociliary transport in the trachea of patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"51","author":"Yeates, D.B.; Sturgess, J.M.; Khan, SR, Levison; H, Aspin; N.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Sturgess J M, Palfrey AJ, Reid L. The viscosity of bronchial secretion. Clin Sci Mol Med 1970;38:145-56.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"236","article-title":"Tracheobronchial clearance in patients infected with microplasma pneumoniae","volume-title":"transmission and airborne infection: concepts and methods","author":"Camner, P.; Jarstrand, C.; Philipson, K.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Wagner HN, Lopez-Majano V, Langan JK. Clearance of particulate matter from the tracheobronchial tree in patients with tuberculosis. Natuire 1965;205:252-4."},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"131","article-title":"Tracheobronchial clearance in patients with influenza","volume":"108","author":"Camner, P.; Jarstrand, C.; Philipson, K.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Yeates DB, Sturgess JM, Khan SR, Levison H, Aspin N. Mucociliary transport in the trachea of patients with cystic fibrosis. Arch Dis Child 1976;51:28-33.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"issue":"203-1","key":"ref_121","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mucociliary function during experimentally induced rhinovirus infection in man","volume":"82","author":"Sakakura, Y.; Sasaki, Y.; Togo, Y.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Camner P, Jarstrand C, Philipson K. Tracheobronchial clearance in patients infected with microplasma pneumoniae. In: Vlers JFPk, Winkler KC, eds. Airborne transmission and airborne infection: concepts and methods. Utrecht: Oostheoh Publishing Company, 1973:236-8.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01241842","article-title":"A new virus cultivated in organ cultures of human ciliated epithelium","volume":"18","author":"Hoorn, B.; Tyrrel, D.A.J.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Camner P, Jarstrand C, Philipson K. Tracheobronchial clearance in patients with influenza. Am Rev Respir Dis 1973;108:131-5.","journal-title":"Archiv Gesamte Virus Forschung"},{"key":"ref_123","article-title":"The clearance of soluble and particulate aerosols deposited in the human lung","author":"Yeates, D.B.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Sakakura Y, Sasaki Y, Togo Y, et al. Mucociliary function during experimentally induced rhinovirus infection in man. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1973;82:203-1 1."},{"key":"ref_124","first-page":"143","article-title":"Clearance function of the respiratory ciliated epithelium in normal and bronchitic rats","volume-title":"particles III","author":"Iravani, T.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hoorn B, Tyrrel DAJ. A new virus cultivated in organ cultures of human ciliated epithelium. Archiv Gesamte Virus Forschung 1966;18:210-25."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1970.00310090058006","article-title":"Evaluation of model systems for study of airway epithelium, cilia and mucus","volume":"126","author":"Reid, L.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Yeates DB. The clearance of soluble and particulate aerosols deposited in the human lung. Ontario: University of Toronto, 1974. (PhD thesis.)","journal-title":"Arch Intern MJed"},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"913","article-title":"The bronchitic component in airways obstruction","volume":"9","author":"Reid, L.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Iravani T. Clearance function of the respiratory ciliated epithelium in normal and bronchitic rats. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles III. Vol 1. Old Woking, Surrey: Unwin Brothers Ltd, 1971:143-6.","journal-title":"Bulletin of PhYsiopathological Respiration"},{"key":"ref_127","first-page":"219","article-title":"Bronchial gland measurements: a continuing search for a yardstick","volume":"18","author":"Bedrossian, C.W.; Greenbert, S.D.; Duran, B.S.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Reid L. Evaluation of model systems for study of airway epithelium, cilia and mucus. Arch Intern MJed 1970; 126:428-34.","journal-title":"Exp MolPathol"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1973.00320070097011","article-title":"Alveolar clearance of aerosols","volume":"131","author":"Morrow, P.E.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Reid L. The bronchitic component in airways obstruction. Bulletin of PhYsiopathological Respiration 1973;9: 913-23.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_129","article-title":"The permeability characteristics of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier","volume-title":"Advances in respiratorY phYsiology","author":"Chinard, F.P.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Bedrossian CW, Greenbert SD, Duran BS. Bronchial gland measurements: a continuing search for a yardstick. Exp MolPathol 1973;18:219-24."},{"key":"ref_130","first-page":"45","article-title":"Lymphatic drainage of the lung in dust clearance","author":"Morrow, P.E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Morrow PE. Alveolar clearance of aerosols. Arch Intern Med 1973;131:101-8."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1970.00310090107013","article-title":"Free cells in the lungs-some aspects of their role, quantitation and regulatory","volume":"126","author":"Brain, D.D.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Chinard FP. The permeability characteristics of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier. In: Caro CG, ed. Advances in respiratorY phYsiology. London: Edward Arnold Ltd, 1966.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_132","first-page":"64","article-title":"Lung clearance of particles","volume-title":"pollution and the lung","author":"Ferin, J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Morrow PE. Lymphatic drainage of the lung in dust clearance. Ann NY Acad Sci 1972;200:45-65."},{"key":"ref_133","first-page":"536","article-title":"Effect of Freund's complete adjuvant upon clearance of iron-59 oxide from rat lungs","volume":"13","author":"Fisher, M.V.; Morrow, P.E.; Yuile, C.L.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Brain DD. Free cells in the lungs-some aspects of their role, quantitation and regulatory. Arch Intern Med 1970;126:477-87.","journal-title":"J Reticuloendothel Soc"},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"479","article-title":"Defense mechanisms of the respiratory membrane","volume":"115","author":"Green, G.M.; Jakab, G.J.; Low, R.B.; Davis, G.S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ferin J. Lung clearance of particles. In: Aharonson EF, Ben-David A, Klingberg MA, eds. Air pollution and the lung. Jerusalem: Halsted Press-John Wiley, 1976: 64-78.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1970.00310090130017","article-title":"Integrated defense mechanisms in models of chronic pulmonary disease","volume":"126","author":"Green, G.M.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Fisher MV, Morrow PE, Yuile CL. Effect of Freund's complete adjuvant upon clearance of iron-59 oxide from rat lungs. J Reticuloendothel Soc 1973;13:536-56.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"100","article-title":"Synergistic effects of aerosols. II Effects on rate of clearance from the lung","volume":"20","author":"LaBelle, C.W.; Brieger, H.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Green GM, Jakab GJ, Low RB, Davis GS. Defense mechanisms of the respiratory membrane. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977;115:479-514.","journal-title":"Arch Ind Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_137","first-page":"423","article-title":"The fate of inhaled particles in the early postexposure period. II The role of pulmonary phagocytosis","volume":"1960","author":"LaBelle, C.W.; Brieger, H.","unstructured":"Green GM. Integrated defense mechanisms in models of chronic pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med 1970; 126:500-3.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"189","article-title":"Short-term lung clearance in rabbits exposed to a radioactive bi-disperse (6 and 3 tLrm) polystyrene aerosol","volume-title":"particles and vapours II","author":"Holma, B.","year":"1966","unstructured":"LaBelle CW, Brieger H. Synergistic effects of aerosols. II Effects on rate of clearance from the lung. Arch Ind Health 1959;20:100-5."},{"key":"ref_139","first-page":"424","article-title":"In vitro phagocytosis of respirable-sized monodisperse particles by alveolar macrophages","volume-title":"macrophages and epithelial cells","author":"Hahn, F.F.; Newton, G.J.; Bryant, P.L.","year":"1977","unstructured":"LaBelle CW, Brieger H. The fate of inhaled particles in the early postexposure period. II The role of pulmonary phagocytosis. Arch Environ Health 1960;1:423-7."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1973.00320070105012","article-title":"Alveolobronchiolar transport mechanisms","volume":"131","author":"Green, G.M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Holma B. Short-term lung clearance in rabbits exposed to a radioactive bi-disperse (6 and 3 tLrm) polystyrene aerosol. In: Davies CN, ed. Inhaled particles and vapours II. London: Pergamon Press, 1966:189-201.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000140979","article-title":"Pulmonary sumps, dust accumulations, alveolar fluid and lymph vessels","volume":"23","author":"Macklin, C.C.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Hahn FF, Newton GJ, Bryant PL. In vitro phagocytosis of respirable-sized monodisperse particles by alveolar macrophages. In: Sanders CL, Schneider RP, Dagle GE, Ragan HA, eds. Pulmonary macrophages and epithelial cells. Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service, 1977:424-35. (CONF-760927.)","journal-title":"Acta Anatomy"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1091810304","article-title":"Pathways of clearance in mouse lungs exposed to iron oxide aerosols","volume":"181","author":"Sorokin, S.P.; Brain, J.D.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Green GM. Alveolobronchiolar transport mechanisms. Arch Intern Med 1973;131:109-14.","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"ref_143","first-page":"414","article-title":"Effect of particle content of lung on clearance pathways","volume-title":"macrophages and epithelial cells","author":"Ferin, J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Macklin CC. Pulmonary sumps, dust accumulations, alveolar fluid and lymph vessels. Acta Anatomy 1955; 23:1-23."},{"key":"ref_144","first-page":"551","article-title":"The effect of increased particles on the endocytosis of radiocolloids by pulmonary macrophages in vivo: competitive and toxic effects","volume-title":"particles IV. Part 2","author":"Brain, J.D.; Corkery, G.C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sorokin SP, Brain JD. Pathways of clearance in mouse lungs exposed to iron oxide aerosols. Anat Rec 1975; 181:581-625."},{"key":"ref_145","first-page":"543","article-title":"Investigation of alveolar macrophages from rats exposed to coal dust","volume-title":"particles IV. Part 2","author":"Bingham, E.; Barkley, W.; Murthy, R.; Vassalo, C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Ferin J. Effect of particle content of lung on clearance pathways. In: Sanders CL, Schneider RP, Dagle GE, Ragan HA, eds. Pulmonar.v macrophages and epithelial cells. Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service, 1977:414-28. (CONF-760927.)"},{"key":"ref_146","article-title":"Tissue reactions in rat lungs after dust inhalation with special regard to the penetration of dust into the lung lymphatics and lymphatic nodes","author":"Strecker, F.J.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Brain JD, Corkery GC. The effect of increased particles on the endocytosis of radiocolloids by pulmonary macrophages in vivo: competitive and toxic effects. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles IV. Part 2. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977:551-64."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.16.4.353","article-title":"Permeability of the alveolar membrane to solutes","volume":"16","author":"Taylor, C.E.; Guyton, A.C.; Bishop, V.S.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Bingham E, Barkley W, Murthy R, Vassalo C. Investigation of alveolar macrophages from rats exposed to coal dust. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles IV. Part 2. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977:543-50.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"ref_148","article-title":"Effects of transcapillary fluid and protein exchange in the lung","volume-title":"The pulmonary circulation and interstitial space","author":"Liebow, A.A.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Strecker FJ. Tissue reactions in rat lungs after dust inhalation with special regard to the penetration of dust into the lung lymphatics and lymphatic nodes. In: Davies CN, ed. Inhaledparticlesandvapours II. London: Pergamon Press, 1966."},{"key":"ref_149","first-page":"236","article-title":"Studies of the pulmonary air-tissue barrier. Part IV Cytochemical tracing of macromolecules during absorption","volume":"43","author":"Bensch, K.G.; Dominguez, E.A.M.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Taylor CE, Guyton AC, Bishop VS. Permeability of the alveolar membrane to solutes. Circ Res 1965;16:353-62.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(68)90146-4","article-title":"Dust removal from the lung parenchyma: an investigation of clearance simulants","volume":"12","author":"Morrow, P.E.; Gibb, F.R.; Davies, H.; Fisher, M.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Liebow AA. Effects of transcapillary fluid and protein exchange in the lung. In: Fishman AP, Hecht HH, eds. The pulmonary circulation and interstitial space. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_151","first-page":"691","article-title":"The effect of quartz and other non-coal dusts in coalworkers' pneumoconiosis. Part II Lung autopsy study","author":"Davis, J.M.G.; Ottery, J.; LeRoux, A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bensch KG, Dominguez EAM. Studies of the pulmonary air-tissue barrier. Part IV Cytochemical tracing of macromolecules during absorption. Yale J Biol Med 1971;43:236-41."},{"key":"ref_152","first-page":"661","article-title":"Extent of pulmonary pigmentation as an indicator of particulate enrivonmental air pollution","volume-title":"particles III. Vol 11. Old Woking","author":"Pratt, P.C.; Kilburn, K.H.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Morrow PE, Gibb FR, Davies H, Fisher M. Dust removal from the lung parenchyma: an investigation of clearance simulants. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1968;12:372-96."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700400103","article-title":"Reconstruction models showing the moderately early simple silicotic process and how it affects definite parts of the primary unit of the lung","volume":"40","author":"Simson, F.W.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Davis JMG, Ottery J, LeRoux A. The effect of quartz and other non-coal dusts in coalworkers' pneumoconiosis. Part II Lung autopsy study. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles IV. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977: 691-702.","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700660127","article-title":"Pathological anatomy of simple pneumokoniosis in coal workers","volume":"66","author":"Heppleston, A.G.","year":"1953","unstructured":"Pratt PC, Kilburn KH. Extent of pulmonary pigmentation as an indicator of particulate enrivonmental air pollution. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles III. Vol 11. Old Woking, Surrey: Unwin Brothers Ltd, 1971:661-9.","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology"},{"key":"ref_155","first-page":"259","article-title":"Deposition and clearance of inhaled fibrous minerals in the rat. Studies using radioactive tracer techniques","author":"Morgan, A.; Evans, J.C.; Holmes, A.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Simson FW. Reconstruction models showing the moderately early simple silicotic process and how it affects definite parts of the primary unit of the lung. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 1935;40:37-44."},{"key":"ref_156","first-page":"436","article-title":"The fate of inhaled asbestos fibers deposited in the rat lung: A quantitative approach","volume-title":"macrophages and epithelial cells","author":"Morgan, A.; Holmes, A.; Talbot, R.J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Heppleston AG. Pathological anatomy of simple pneumokoniosis in coal workers. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 1953;66:235-46."},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"455","article-title":"The influence of varying lengths of glass and asbestos fibers on tissue response in guinea pigs","author":"Wright, G.W.; Kuschner, M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Morgan A, Evans JC, Holmes A. Deposition and clearance of inhaled fibrous minerals in the rat. Studies using radioactive tracer techniques. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles IV. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977:259-74."},{"key":"ref_158","first-page":"477","article-title":"Fibrous silicates in animal experiments and cell-culture in morphological cell and tissue reactions according to different physical chemical influences","volume-title":"particles III. Old Woking","author":"Beck, E.G.; Bruch, J.; Friedrichs, K.H.; Hilscher, W.; Pott, F.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Morgan A, Holmes A, Talbot RJ. The fate of inhaled asbestos fibers deposited in the rat lung: A quantitative approach. In: Sanders CL, Schneider RP, Dagle GE, Ragan HA, eds. Pulmonary macrophages and epithelial cells. Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service, 1977:436-50. (CONF-760927.)"},{"key":"ref_159","first-page":"1075","article-title":"Mechanisms of macrophage damage in relation to the pathogenesis of some lung diseases","volume-title":"defense mechanisms. Part II","author":"Allison, A.C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Wright GW, Kuschner M. The influence of varying lengths of glass and asbestos fibers on tissue response in guinea pigs. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaledparticles IV. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977:455-74."},{"key":"ref_160","first-page":"247","article-title":"A study of the short-term retention and clearance of inhaled asbestos by rats, using UICC standard reference samples","author":"Middleton, A.P.; Beckett, S.T.; Davis, J.M.G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Beck EG, Bruch J, Friedrichs KH, Hilscher W, Pott F. Fibrous silicates in animal experiments and cell-culture in morphological cell and tissue reactions according to different physical chemical influences. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles III. Old Woking, Surrey: Unwin Brothers Ltd, 1971:477-86."},{"key":"ref_161","first-page":"169","article-title":"Alveolar clearance: Its relation to lesions of the respiratory bronchiole","volume-title":"particles and vapours II","author":"Gross, R.; Pfitzer, E.A.; Hatch, T.F.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Allison AC. Mechanisms of macrophage damage in relation to the pathogenesis of some lung diseases. In: Brain JD, Proctor DF, Reid LM, eds. Respiratory defense mechanisms. Part II. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1977:1075-1102."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700750114","article-title":"The disposal of coal and haematite dusts inhaled successively","volume":"75","author":"Heppleston, A.G.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Middleton AP, Beckett ST, Davis JMG. A study of the short-term retention and clearance of inhaled asbestos by rats, using UICC standard reference samples. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles IV. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977:247-58.","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology"},{"key":"ref_163","first-page":"173","article-title":"The influence of exposure duration and intermittency upon the pulmonary retention and elimination of dusts from,, high and low rank coal mines","volume":"17","author":"Civil, G.W.; Heppleston, A.G.; Casswell, C.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Gross R, Pfitzer EA, Hatch TF. Alveolar clearance: Its relation to lesions of the respiratory bronchiole. In: Davies CN, ed. Inhaled particles and vapours II. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966:169-77.","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"ref_164","first-page":"405","article-title":"An interspecies model for retention of inhaled particles","volume-title":"of airborne particles","author":"Thomas, R.G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Heppleston AG. The disposal of coal and haematite dusts inhaled successively. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 1958;75:113."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-196711000-00005","article-title":"On the role of particle size in the dissolution of lung burdens","volume":"13","author":"Mercer, T.T.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Civil GW, Heppleston AG, Casswell C. The influence of exposure duration and intermittency upon the pulmonary retention and elimination of dusts from,, high and low rank coal mines. Ann Occup Hyg 1975;17: 173-85.","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"ref_166","article-title":"The vital sacs: alveolar clearance mechanisms in inhalation toxicology","volume-title":"Essays in toxicology. Vol III","author":"Casarett, LT","year":"1972","unstructured":"Thomas RG. An interspecies model for retention of inhaled particles. In: Mercer TT, Morrow PE, Stober W, eds. Assessment of airborne particles. Springfield, Illinois: CC Thomas, 1972:405-18."},{"key":"ref_167","series-title":"Pneumoconiosis-proceedings of an international conferenceJohannesburg, 1969","first-page":"435","article-title":"Lung clearance: Silicosis and anthracosis","author":"Jammet, H.; Lafuma, J.; Nenot, J.C.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Mercer TT. On the role of particle size in the dissolution of lung burdens. Health Phys 1967;13:121 1-21."},{"key":"ref_168","first-page":"239","article-title":"Etude de l'influence de l'irradiation sur l'epuration pulmonaire","author":"Nenot, J.C.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Casarett LT. The vital sacs: alveolar clearance mechanisms in inhalation toxicology. In: Hayes WJ, ed. Essays in toxicology. Vol III. New York: Academic Press, 1972."},{"key":"ref_169","first-page":"227","article-title":"Influence de la nature des poussieres et de la charge pulmonaire sur l'epuration","volume-title":"particles III. Old Woking","author":"L, Le Bouffant","year":"1971","unstructured":"Jammet H, Lafuma J, Nenot JC, et al. Lung clearance: Silicosis and anthracosis. In: Shapiro HA, ed. Pneumoconiosis-proceedings of an international conferenceJohannesburg, 1969. Capetown: Oxford University Press, 1970:435-7."},{"key":"ref_170","first-page":"251","article-title":"Pulmonary clearance of 58Fe203 and 51Cr203 in rats and dogs exposed to cigarette smoke","volume-title":"particles and vapoiurs II","author":"Bair, W.J.; Dilley, J.V.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Nenot JC. Etude de l'influence de l'irradiation sur l'epuration pulmonaire. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaledparticles II. Old Woking, Surrey: Unwin Brothers Ltd, 1971:239-46."},{"key":"ref_171","first-page":"597","article-title":"Controlled administration of respiratory tract burdens of inhaled radioactive aerosols in beagle dogs","volume":"25","author":"Cuddihy, R.G.; Boecker, B.B.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Le Bouffant L. Influence de la nature des poussieres et de la charge pulmonaire sur l'epuration. In: Walton WH, ed. Inhaled particles III. Old Woking, Surrey: Unwin Brothers Ltd, 1971:227-37.","journal-title":"ToxicolApplPharmacol"},{"key":"ref_172","first-page":"151","article-title":"Inhalation of uranium aerosols by mouse","volume-title":"particles and vapours","author":"Fish, B.R.","unstructured":"Bair WJ, Dilley JV. Pulmonary clearance of 58Fe203 and 51Cr203 in rats and dogs exposed to cigarette smoke. In: Davies CN, ed. Inhaled particles and vapoiurs II. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966:251-68."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-196408000-00003","article-title":"Clearance of insoluble dust from the lower respiratory tract","volume":"10","author":"Morrow, P.E.; Gibb, F.R.; Johnson, L.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Cuddihy RG, Boecker BB. Controlled administration of respiratory tract burdens of inhaled radioactive aerosols in beagle dogs. ToxicolApplPharmacol 1973;25:597-605.","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"ref_174","first-page":"99","article-title":"Clearance of radioactive dust from the lung","volume":"12","author":"Albert, R.E.; Arnett, L.C.","year":"1955","unstructured":"\" Fish BR. Inhalation of uranium aerosols by mouse, rat, dog and man. In: Davies CN, ed. Inhaled particles and vapours. London: Pergamon Press, 1961:151-65.","journal-title":"Arch Ind Health"},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"351","article-title":"The clearance of dust from the lower respiratory tract of man: An experimental study","volume-title":"particles and vapours II","author":"Morrow, P.E.; Gibb, F.R.; Gazioglu, K.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Morrow PE, Gibb FR, Johnson L. Clearance of insoluble dust from the lower respiratory tract. Health Phys 1964;10:543-55."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1126\/science.432655","article-title":"Smoking impairs long term dust clearance from the lung","volume":"204","author":"Cohen, D.; Arai, S.F.; Brain, J.D.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Albert RE, Arnett LC. Clearance of radioactive dust from the lung. Arch Ind Health 1955;12:99-106.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_177","first-page":"36","article-title":"Effect of cigarette smoke on macrophage phagocytosis","author":"Haroz, R.K.; Mattenberger-Kreber, L.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Morrow PE, Gibb FR, Gazioglu K. The clearance of dust from the lower respiratory tract of man: An experimental study. In: Davies CN, ed. Inhaled particles and vapours II. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1966: 351-8.","journal-title":"National Technical Information Service; macrophages and epithelial cells"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-38-445-39","article-title":"A case of accidental inhalation of irradiated uranium","volume":"38","author":"Rundo, J.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Cohen D, Arai SF, Brain JD. Smoking impairs long term dust clearance from the lung. Science 1979;204:514-6.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/00004032-197212000-00002","article-title":"Chest clearance of inhaled cobalt-60 oxide","volume":"23","author":"Gupton, E.D.; Brown, P.E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Haroz RK, Mattenberger-Kreber L. Effect of cigarette smoke on macrophage phagocytosis. In: Sanders CL, Schneider RP, Dagle GE, Ragan HA, eds. Pulmonary macrophages and epithelial cells. Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service, 1977:36-57. (CON F-760927.)","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"ref_180","article-title":"Measurement and control of respirable dust in mines","author":"National Research Council","year":"1980","unstructured":"Rundo J. A case of accidental inhalation of irradiated uranium. Br J Radiol 1965;38:39-50.","journal-title":"Washington: National Academy of Sciences"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.37.4.337","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T06:33:31Z","timestamp":1738823611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.37.4.337"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,1]]},"references-count":180,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.37.4.337","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1980,11,1]]}}}