{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:39:12Z","timestamp":1791823152295,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,11,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/oem.40.4.390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,17]],"date-time":"2008-12-17T00:03:00Z","timestamp":1229472180000},"page":"390-401","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A brief history of scrotal cancer."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"H A","family":"Waldron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"177","article-title":"Chirurgical observations. Vol 3","author":"Pott, P.","unstructured":"Pott P. Chirurgical observations. Vol 3. London: L Hawes, W Clark, and R Collins, 1775:177-83."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"382","article-title":"A monstrous growth: an historical note on carcinoma of the scrotum","volume":"27","author":"Kipling, M.D.; Usherwood, R.; Varley, R.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Kipling MD, Usherwood R, Varley R. A monstrous growth: an historical note on carcinoma of the scrotum. Br J Ind Med 1970;27:382-4.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Chimney sweeping described, with a view to the emancipation ofclimbing boys. London: no publisher, undated. 4Children's Employment Commission. First report","author":"Anon","year":"1865","unstructured":"Anon. Chimney sweeping described, with a view to the emancipation ofclimbing boys. London: no publisher, undated. 4Children's Employment Commission. First report. London: HMSO, 1865."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"244","article-title":"Percivall Pott and cancer scroti","volume":"32","author":"Kipling, M.D.; Waldron, H.A.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kipling MD, Waldron HA. Percivall Pott and cancer scroti. Br J Ind Med 1975;32:244-6.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_5","first-page":"6","article-title":"On chimney-sweeper's cancer","volume":"1832","author":"Earle, H.","unstructured":"Earle H. On chimney-sweeper's cancer. Medical and Surgical Journal 1832;1:6-8.","journal-title":"Medical and Surgical Journal"},{"issue":"163","key":"ref_6","first-page":"755","article-title":"Cancer of the scrotum","volume":"1910","author":"Green, R.M.","unstructured":"Green RM. Cancer of the scrotum. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 1910;163:755-9, 792-7.","journal-title":"Boston Medical and Surgical Journal"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"257","article-title":"In: Pott's works. Vol 3","author":"Annotation, Earle J.","unstructured":"Earle J. Annotation. In: Pott's works. Vol 3. London: LH Harres, W Clarke, R Collins, 1790:257-8."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"337","article-title":"A practical treatise on diseases ofthe testis and ofthe spermatic cord","volume":"i:","author":"Curling, T.B.","year":"1866","unstructured":"Curling TB. A practical treatise on diseases ofthe testis and ofthe spermatic cord. London: Longman, Green, 1866. '\u00b0 Paget J. Lectures on surgical pathology. Vol 2. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1853:464. \" Dixon. Chimney sweeper's cancer. Lancer 1850;i:337-8.","journal-title":"Lancer 1850; Paget J. Lectures on surgical pathology. Vol 2"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_9","first-page":"318","article-title":"Chimney-sweeps'","volume":"35","author":"Lawson, G.","unstructured":"Lawson G. Chimney-sweeps' cancer. Br Med J 1868;i:35 1. '3 Jeffreys. A case of malignant ulceration of the scrotum commonly called chimney sweepers' cancer. Lnacet 1825;8:318-9.","journal-title":"cancer. Br Med J 1868; 3 Jeffreys. A case of malignant ulceration of the scrotum commonly called chimney sweepers"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Observations on the structure and diseases of the testis","author":"Cooper, A.","unstructured":"Cooper A. Observations on the structure and diseases of the testis. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1830:226."},{"issue":"24","key":"ref_11","first-page":"127","article-title":"On some examples of arsenic-keratosis of the skin and arsenic cancer. Transactions of the Pathological Society of London 1888; 39: 356-61. '\u00b0","volume":"1817","author":"Hutchinson, J.","unstructured":"Hutchinson J. On some examples of arsenic-keratosis of the skin and arsenic cancer. Transactions of the Pathological Society of London 1888;39:356-61. '\u00b0 Wright R. In: Report from the committee on the employment of boys in sweeping chimneys. London: HMSO, 1817:24. '7 Bird PH. Cancer of the scrotum. Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal 1849;15: 127-9.","journal-title":"Cancer of the scrotum. Provincial Medical and Surgical Journal; Report from the committee on the employment of boys in sweeping chimneys"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref_12","first-page":"344","article-title":"On the local diseases termed malignant","volume":"1832","author":"Travers, R.","unstructured":"Travers R. On the local diseases termed malignant. MedicoChirurgical Transactions 1832;17:344-6.","journal-title":"MedicoChirurgical Transactions"},{"issue":"43","key":"ref_13","first-page":"530","article-title":"Chimney sweepers'","volume":"1849","author":"Cooper, B.","unstructured":"Cooper B. Chimney sweepers' cancer. London Medical Gazete 1849;43: 530-3.","journal-title":"cancer. London Medical Gazete"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_14","first-page":"74","article-title":"Soot in cells of chimney-sweepers'","volume":"1890","author":"Spencer, W.G.","unstructured":"Spencer WG. Soot in cells of chimney-sweepers' cancer. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions 1890-1;74: 59-75.","journal-title":"cancer. Medico-Chirurgical Transactions"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"\"1341","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1643.1341","article-title":"Cancer of the scrotum in chimney sweeps and others","volume":"\"i:\" # \"ii:\"","author":"Butlin, H.T.","year":"1892","unstructured":"Butlin HT. Cancer of the scrotum in chimney sweeps and others. Br Med J 1892;i: 1341-6, 1892;ii: 1-6, 66-71.","journal-title":"Br Med J 1892"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"576","article-title":"On the probable cause of the diminution of chimney-sweeps'","volume":"ii:","author":"Lawson, G.","year":"1878","unstructured":"Lawson G. On the probable cause of the diminution of chimney-sweeps' cancer. Br Med J 1878;ii:576-7.","journal-title":"cancer. Br Med J"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref_17","first-page":"193","article-title":"On the operative surgery of malignant disease of the scrotum","volume":"1889","author":"Butlin, H.T.","unstructured":"Butlin HT. On the operative surgery of malignant disease of the scrotum. St Batholomew's Hospital Reports 1889;25: 193-200.","journal-title":"St Batholomew's Hospital Reports"},{"key":"ref_18","article-title":"In: Supplement to 45th annual report of the registrar general","author":"Ogle, W.","unstructured":"Ogle W. In: Supplement to 45th annual report of the registrar general. London: HMSO, 1885;56."},{"key":"ref_19","article-title":"Cancer of the scrotum in relation to occupation","author":"Henry, S.A.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Henry SA. Cancer of the scrotum in relation to occupation. London: Oxford University Press, 1946."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"370","article-title":"Beitrage sur Chirurgie. Leipzig: Breitkopf und","volume":"1875","author":"von Volkmann R","unstructured":"von Volkmann R. Beitrage sur Chirurgie. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Hartel, 1875:370.","journal-title":"Hartel"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"519","volume":"13","author":"Theer-, Tillmans H.Uber; Tabak-Krebs, Russund","unstructured":"Tillmans H. Uber Theer-, Russund Tabak-Krebs. Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Chirurg 1880;13:519-28."},{"issue":"257","key":"ref_22","first-page":"2195","article-title":"Beitrage zur Entstehung der Carcinoma aus chronische entzundlichen Zustanden der Schleimhaute und Hautdecker","volume":"1885","author":"Schuchardt, K.","unstructured":"Schuchardt K. Beitrage zur Entstehung der Carcinoma aus chronische entzundlichen Zustanden der Schleimhaute und Hautdecker. Sammlung Klinische Vortrage (Leipzig) 1885;257:2195-99.","journal-title":"Sammlung Klinische Vortrage (Leipzig)"},{"issue":"236","key":"ref_23","first-page":"71","article-title":"Vier neue Falle von Paraffinkrebs","volume":"1892","author":"Eckhardt, P.","year":"1886","unstructured":"Eckhardt P. Vier neue Falle von Paraffinkrebs. Halle: 1886. (Thesis.) 1' Leibe G. Ueber der Teeroder Paraffinkrebs. Schmidt's Jahrbuch 1892;236:71-80.","journal-title":"Schmidt's Jahrbuch; 1' Leibe G. Ueber der Teeroder Paraffinkrebs"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"462","article-title":"On cancer-producing tars and tar fractions","volume":"5","author":"Kennaway, E.L.","year":"1924","unstructured":"Kennaway EL. On cancer-producing tars and tar fractions. J Ind Hyg 1924;5:462-88.","journal-title":"J Ind Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_25","first-page":"45","article-title":"A case of epithelioma of the scrotum occurring in a tar worker","volume":"1893","author":"Power, D.","unstructured":"Power D. A case of epithelioma of the scrotum occurring in a tar worker. Transactions of the Pathological Society of London 1893-4;45:211-6.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Pathological Society of London"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"493","article-title":"Tar and asphalt workers' epithelioma and chimneysweeps'","volume":"ii:","author":"Oliver, T.","year":"1908","unstructured":"Oliver T. Tar and asphalt workers' epithelioma and chimneysweeps' cancer. Br Med J 1908;ii:493-4.","journal-title":"cancer. Br Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_27","first-page":"321","article-title":"Occupational cancer","volume":"1918","author":"Ross, H.C.","unstructured":"Ross HC. Occupational cancer. J Cancer Res 1918;3:321-56.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res"},{"issue":"28","key":"ref_28","first-page":"644","article-title":"Cancer in tar workers","volume":"1910","author":"Schamberg, J.F.","unstructured":"Schamberg JF. Cancer in tar workers. Journal of Cutaneous Disease 1910;28:644-62.","journal-title":"Journal of Cutaneous Disease"},{"issue":"75","key":"ref_29","first-page":"170912","article-title":"Paraffinoma and wax cancer","volume":"1920","author":"Davis, B.F.","unstructured":"Davis BF. Paraffinoma and wax cancer. JAMA 1920;75:170912.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"35","key":"ref_30","first-page":"376","article-title":"Epithelioma of the scrotum","volume":"1906","author":"Hutchinson, J.A.","unstructured":"Hutchinson JA. Epithelioma of the scrotum. Montreal Med J 1906;35:376-9.","journal-title":"Montreal Med J"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"539","article-title":"Tar cancer in France","volume":"32","author":"Courmont, P.","year":"1924","unstructured":"Courmont P. Tar cancer in France. Journal of State Medicine 1924;32:539-41. Waldron","journal-title":"Journal of State Medicine"},{"key":"ref_32","article-title":"Occupational cancer in two briquette factories in Baden (Germany). In: Report of the international congress on cancer","author":"Teutschlaender, A.","unstructured":"Teutschlaender A. Occupational cancer in two briquette factories in Baden (Germany). In: Report of the international congress on cancer. Bristol: John Wright and Sons, 1928:289."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"290","article-title":"Pitch cancer in the Netherlands. In: Report ofthe international congress on cancer","author":"de Vries WM","year":"1928","unstructured":"de Vries WM. Pitch cancer in the Netherlands. In: Report ofthe international congress on cancer. Bristol: John Wright and Sons, 1928:290-2."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"318","article-title":"Tar cancer. Transactions ofthe Academy ofMedicine","volume-title":"of Ireland 1885; 3","author":"Ball, C.B.","unstructured":"Ball CB. Tar cancer. Transactions ofthe Academy ofMedicine of Ireland 1885;3:318-20."},{"issue":"14","key":"ref_35","first-page":"25579","article-title":"Cutaneous papillomas among patent fuel workers in relation to malignant disease","volume":"1932","author":"Downing, C.C.R.","unstructured":"Downing CCR. Cutaneous papillomas among patent fuel workers in relation to malignant disease. J Ind Hyg 1932;14:25579.","journal-title":"J Ind Hyg"},{"key":"ref_36","article-title":"Departmental committee on compensation for industrial diseases. Report","year":"1907","unstructured":"Departmental committee on compensation for industrial diseases. Report. London: HMSO, 1907."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"107","article-title":"Experimental production of cancer by arsenic","volume":"1","author":"Leitch, A.; Kennaway, E.L.","year":"1922","unstructured":"Leitch A, Kennaway EL. Experimental production of cancer by arsenic. Br Med J 1922;ii:1 107-9.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1110","article-title":"Epitheliomatous ulceration in industry","volume":"ii:","author":"Legge, T.M.","year":"1922","unstructured":"Legge TM. Epitheliomatous ulceration in industry. Br Med J 1922;ii: 1110-1.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_39","article-title":"Experimental induction of tumours with blast furnace tar. Lancet 1930; ii: 1344-7. so Bonser GM. Tumours of the skin produced by blast furnace tar","author":"Berenblum, I.","unstructured":"Berenblum I. Experimental induction of tumours with blast furnace tar. Lancet 1930;ii: 1344-7. so Bonser GM. Tumours of the skin produced by blast furnace tar."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"\"775","article-title":"Erfolgreiche experimentelle Ubertragung von Carcinom","volume":"\"i:\" # \"1889; 7:\"","author":"1932, Lancet","unstructured":"Lancet 1932;i:775-8. s, Hanau A. Erfolgreiche experimentelle Ubertragung von Carcinom. Fortshcr Med 1889;7:321-30.","journal-title":"Fortshcr Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_41","first-page":"3","article-title":"Experimental tar cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1926; 2: 533-8","volume":"1918","author":"Woglom, W.H.","unstructured":"Woglom WH. Experimental tar cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1926;2:533-8. S3 Yamagiwa K, Ichikawa K. Experimental study of the pathogenesis of carcinoma.J Cancer Res 1918;3: 1-29.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res; Experimental study of the pathogenesis of carcinoma"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3300.564","article-title":"On the cancer-producing factor in tar","volume":"i:","author":"Kennaway, E.L.","year":"1924","unstructured":"Kennaway EL. On the cancer-producing factor in tar. Br Med J 1924;i:564-7.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700270305","article-title":"The formation of a cancer-producing substance from isoprene (2-methyl butadiene)","volume":"27","author":"Kennaway, E.L.","year":"1924","unstructured":"Kennaway EL. The formation of a cancer-producing substance from isoprene (2-methyl butadiene). Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 1924;27:233-8.","journal-title":"Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref_44","first-page":"497","article-title":"Experiments on cancer-producing substances","volume":"1930","author":"Kennaway, E.L.","year":"1925","unstructured":"Kennaway EL. Experiments on cancer-producing substances. Br Med J 1925;ii: 1-4. s' Kennaway EL. Further experiments on cancer-producing substances. Biochem J 1930;24:497-504.","journal-title":"Br Med J; ii: 1-4. s' Kennaway EL. Further experiments on cancer-producing substances"},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"\"1044","article-title":"Carcinogenic substances and their flourescence spectra","volume":"\"i:\" # \"111:\"","author":"Kennaway, E.L.; Hieger, I.","year":"1930","unstructured":"Kennaway EL, Hieger I. Carcinogenic substances and their flourescence spectra. Br Med J 1930;i: 1044-6. S Cook JW, Heiger 1, Kennaway EL, Mayneord WV. The production of cancer by pure hydrocarbons. Proc R Soc Lond B 1932;111:455-84.","journal-title":"Br Med J; by pure hydrocarbons. Proc R Soc Lond B 1932; The production of cancer"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"485","article-title":"The production of cancer by pure hydrocarbons","volume-title":"Proc R Soc Lond 1932","volume":"111","author":"Cook, J.W.","unstructured":"Cook JW. The production of cancer by pure hydrocarbons. Proc R Soc Lond 1932;111:485-93."},{"issue":"130","key":"ref_47","first-page":"926","article-title":"Hieger 1. Coal tar constituents and cancer","volume":"1932","author":"Cook, J.W.; Hewett, C.L.","unstructured":"Cook JW, Hewett CL, Hieger 1. Coal tar constituents and cancer. Nature 1932;130:926-8.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"63","article-title":"In: Report of chief inspector of factories for 1923","volume":"71","author":"Legge, T.M.","year":"1924","unstructured":"Legge TM. In: Report of chief inspector of factories for 1923. London: HMSO, 1924:71 63 Bell J. Paraffin epithelioma of the scrotum. Edinburgh Medical Journal 1876-7;22: 135-7. \" Kirk R. Paraffin cancer. Br Med J 1930;ii: 1528-30.","journal-title":"Paraffin cancer. Br Med J; Paraffin epithelioma of the scrotum. Edinburgh Medical Journal 1876-7; 22: 135-7. \" Kirk R"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"165","article-title":"Epithelioma of scrotum in a paraffin worker (\" paraffin cancer\"). Glasgow Medical Journal 1879; 12: 40-2. \" Buchanan G. Specimen of \"paraffin\" epithelioma","volume":"5","author":"Cameron, A.","year":"1893","unstructured":"Cameron A. Epithelioma of scrotum in a paraffin worker (\" paraffin cancer\"). Glasgow Medical Journal 1879;12:40-2. \" Buchanan G. Specimen of \"paraffin\" epithelioma. Transactions of the Glasgow Pathological and Clinical Society 18934;5: 165-7.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Glasgow Pathological and Clinical Society"},{"key":"ref_50","article-title":"On the occupational cancer of the paraffin and oil workers of the Scottish shale oil industry","author":"Scott, A.","year":"1922","unstructured":"Scott A. On the occupational cancer of the paraffin and oil workers of the Scottish shale oil industry. Br Med J 1922;ii: 1108-9. \" Scott A. Cancers in mineral oil refineries. In: Report ofthe international congress on cancer. Bristol: John Wright and Sons, 1928:275.","journal-title":"Br Med J; ii: 1108-9. \" Scott A. Cancers in mineral oil refineries. In: Report ofthe international congress on cancer"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"1104","article-title":"Paraffin cancer and its experimental production","volume":"ii:","author":"Leitch, A.","year":"1922","unstructured":"Leitch A. Paraffin cancer and its experimental production. Br MedJ 1922;ii:1104-6.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_52","article-title":"In: Annual report of HM chief inspector offactories for the year 1925","author":"Legge, T.M.","unstructured":"Legge TM. In: Annual report of HM chief inspector offactories for the year 1925. London: HMSO, 1926:63."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"1545","article-title":"The lymphatics of the scrotum in relation to the radical operation for scrotal epithelioma","volume":"ii:","author":"Morley, J.","unstructured":"Morley J. The lymphatics of the scrotum in relation to the radical operation for scrotal epithelioma. Lancet 1911 ii: 1545-7.","journal-title":"Lancet 1911"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3229.971","article-title":"Cancer of the scrotum: the aetiology, clinical features, and treatment of the disease","volume":"ii:","author":"Southam, A.H.; Wilson, SR","year":"1922","unstructured":"Southam AH, Wilson SR. Cancer of the scrotum: the aetiology, clinical features, and treatment of the disease. Br Med J 1922;ii:971-3.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"993","article-title":"Scrotal cancer in cotton mulespinners","volume":"ii:","author":"Brockbank, E.M.; Stopford, J.S.B.","year":"1927","unstructured":"Brockbank EM, Stopford JSB. Scrotal cancer in cotton mulespinners. Br Med J 1927;ii:993-5.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_56","article-title":"Mule spinners cancer. Epithelioma ofthe skin in cotton spinners","author":"Brockbank, E.M.","year":"1941","unstructured":"Brockbank EM. Mule spinners cancer. Epithelioma ofthe skin in cotton spinners. London: HK Lewis and Co, 1941."},{"issue":"941","key":"ref_57","first-page":"3","article-title":"Mule-spinners' cancer and mineral oils","volume":"1924","author":"Leitch, A.","unstructured":"Leitch A. Mule-spinners' cancer and mineral oils. Br Med J 1924,iii,941 -3.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"217","article-title":"An inquiry in regard to the cause of spinners'","volume":"9","author":"Robertson, J.","year":"1927","unstructured":"Robertson J. An inquiry in regard to the cause of spinners' scrotal cancer. Journal of Industrial Hygiene 1927;9:217-38.","journal-title":"scrotal cancer. Journal of Industrial Hygiene"},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"148","article-title":"Mule spinners' cancer and the wool industry","volume":"24","author":"Lee, W.R.; McCann, J.K.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Lee WR, McCann JK. Mule spinners' cancer and the wool industry. Br J Ind Med 1967;24:148-52.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3886.1305","article-title":"Aetiology of cancer of the skin with special reference to occupation","volume":"i:","author":"AR, S.I.Somerford","year":"1935","unstructured":"SI Somerford AR. Aetiology of cancer of the skin with special reference to occupation. Br Med J 1935;i: 1305-10.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3907.996","article-title":"A note on cutaneous cancer in cotton mule-spinners","volume":"ii:","author":"Irvine, E.D.","year":"1935","unstructured":"Irvine ED. A note on cutaneous cancer in cotton mule-spinners. Br Med J 1935;ii:996-7.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)96837-5","article-title":"Mule-spinners' cancer and mineral oils","volume":"i:","author":"Twort CC, Ing HR","year":"1928","unstructured":"Twort CC, Ing HR. Mule-spinners' cancer and mineral oils. Lancet 1928;i:752-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700320117","article-title":"Experiments on the nature of the carcinogenic agents in mineral oils","volume":"32","author":"Twort CC, Fulton JD","year":"1929","unstructured":"Twort CC, Fulton JD. Experiments on the nature of the carcinogenic agents in mineral oils. J Pathol 1929;32: 149-61.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400018799","article-title":"The selection of non-carcinogenic from carcinogenic oils","volume":"33","author":"CC, X5 Twort; R, Lyth","year":"1933","unstructured":"X5 Twort CC, Lyth R. The selection of non-carcinogenic from carcinogenic oils. J Hyg 1933;33:464-73.","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1017\/S002217240003477X","article-title":"The significance of density, refractive index and viscosity of mineral oils in relation to the type and degree of animal reaction","volume":"37","author":"Twort, C.C.; Lyth, R.; Twort, J.M.","year":"1937","unstructured":"Twort CC, Lyth R, Twort JM. The significance of density, refractive index and viscosity of mineral oils in relation to the type and degree of animal reaction. J Hyg 1937;37:14-29.","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"issue":"30","key":"ref_66","first-page":"373","article-title":"The relative potency of carcinogenic tars and oils","volume":"1930","author":"Twort CC, Twort JM","unstructured":"Twort CC, Twort JM. The relative potency of carcinogenic tars and oils. J Hyg 1930;30:373-9.","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"issue":"31","key":"ref_67","first-page":"204","article-title":"The carcinogenic properties of mineral oils","volume":"1931","author":"Twort CC, Twort JM","unstructured":"Twort CC, Twort JM. The carcinogenic properties of mineral oils. J Hyg 1931;31:204-26.","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"293","article-title":"Suggested methods for the standardisation of the carcinogenic activity of different agents on the skin of mice","volume":"17","author":"Twort CC, Twort JM","year":"1935","unstructured":"Twort CC, Twort JM. Suggested methods for the standardisation of the carcinogenic activity of different agents on the skin of mice. Am J Cancer 1935;17:293-320.","journal-title":"Am J Cancer"},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"1226","article-title":"Induction of cancer by cracked mineral oils","volume":"1935","author":"Twort CC, Twort JM","unstructured":"Twort CC, Twort JM. Induction of cancer by cracked mineral oils. Lancet 1935:ii: 1226-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_70","first-page":"293","article-title":"The value of the rabbit for carcinogenicity tests on petroleum fractions","volume":"1952","author":"Hieger 1, Woodhouse DL","unstructured":"Hieger 1, Woodhouse DL. The value of the rabbit for carcinogenicity tests on petroleum fractions. Br J Cancer 1952:1:293-9.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"188","article-title":"Scrotal cancer in the north-west of England","volume":"29","author":"Lee, W.R.; Alderson, M.R.; Downes, J.E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Lee WR, Alderson MR, Downes JE. Scrotal cancer in the north-west of England. Br J Ind Med 1972;29:188-95.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"\"694","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1967.82","article-title":"Cancer hazard from mineral oil used in the processing of jute","volume":"21","author":"Roe, F.J.C.; Carter, R.I.; Taylor, W.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Roe FJC, Carter RI, Taylor W. Cancer hazard from mineral oil used in the processing of jute. Br J Cancer 1967;21:694-702. 9' Dean AL. Epithelioma of scrotum. J Urol 1948;61:508-18.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer; 9"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"530","article-title":"Clinical observations","volume":"19","author":"II","year":"1959","unstructured":"II Clinical observations. Archives of Industrial Health 1959;19:530-9.","journal-title":"Archives of Industrial Health"},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"22","article-title":"Oil and the skin","volume":"13","author":"Kipling, MD","year":"1963","unstructured":"Kipling MD. Oil and the skin. Transactions ofthe Association of Industrial Medicine Officers 1963;13:22-4.","journal-title":"Transactions ofthe Association of Industrial Medicine Officers"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1961.14","article-title":"Studies on the carcinogenic action of motor engine oil additives","volume":"15","author":"Baldwin, R.W.; Cunningham, G.J.; Pratt, B.","year":"1961","unstructured":"Baldwin RW, Cunningham GJ, Pratt B. Studies on the carcinogenic action of motor engine oil additives. Br J Cancer 1961;15:123-8.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref_76","first-page":"1","article-title":"Skin cancer in the engineering industry from the use of mineral oil","volume":"1950","author":"Cruickshank, C.N.D.; Squire, JR","unstructured":"Cruickshank CND, Squire JR. Skin cancer in the engineering industry from the use of mineral oil. Br J Ind Med 1950:7: 1I1.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"244","article-title":"Cutting oils and squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Gilman, J.P.W.; Vessolinovitch, S.D.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Gilman JPW, Vessolinovitch SD. Cutting oils and squamous cell carcinoma. BrJ Ind Med 1955;12:244-8.","journal-title":"BrJ Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_78","article-title":"Scrotal cancer in the West Midlands","author":"Waldron, H.A.; Waterhouse, J.A.H.; Tessema, N.","unstructured":"Waldron HA, Waterhouse JAH, Tessema N. Scrotal cancer in the West Midlands. Br J Ind Med (in press).","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"123","article-title":"Carcinoma of the skin in machine tool setters","volume":"19","author":"Fife, J.G.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Fife JG. Carcinoma of the skin in machine tool setters. BrJ Ind Med 1962;19:123-5.","journal-title":"BrJ Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)62834-9","article-title":"An assessment of carcinoma of the scrotum","volume":"98","author":"Kickman, C.J.E.; Dufresne, M.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kickman CJE, Dufresne M. An assessment of carcinoma of the scrotum.J Urol 1967;98:108-13.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"240","article-title":"Cutting oils and squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Mastromatteo, E.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Mastromatteo E. Cutting oils and squamous cell carcinoma. BrJ Ind Med 1955;12:240-3.","journal-title":"BrJ Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_82","first-page":"3355","article-title":"Cancer du scrotum du au goudron on a ses derives","volume":"72","author":"Carteud, A.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Carteud A. Cancer du scrotum du au goudron on a ses derives. La Presse Medicale 1964;72:3355-60."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"73","article-title":"Oil cancer in the Savoy alps and the Birmingham region: a comparison","author":"Kipling, MD","year":"197 t; 21:","unstructured":"Kipling MD. Oil cancer in the Savoy alps and the Birmingham region: a comparison. Transactions of the Society of Occupational Medicine 197 t;21:73-8.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Society of Occupational Medicine"},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Kreftrisiko og oljeeksposisjon. Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening","volume":"92","author":"Wannig, A.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Wannig A. Kreftrisiko og oljeeksposisjon. Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening (Oslo) 1972;92:1136-40.","journal-title":"(Oslo)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_85","first-page":"135","article-title":"Carcinoma of scrotum induced by mineral oil","volume":"1967","author":"Avellan, L.; Breine, U.; Jacobsson, B.; Johanson, B.","unstructured":"Avellan L, Breine U, Jacobsson B, Johanson B. Carcinoma of scrotum induced by mineral oil. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1967:1:135-40.","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"182","article-title":"Scrotum-carcinoon door minerale oilein. Tijdschrift voor Sociale Geneeskunde","volume":"50","author":"FHAM, O0 Pruym; K, Reijnierse","year":"1972","unstructured":"O0 Pruym FHAM, Reijnierse K. Scrotum-carcinoon door minerale oilein. Tijdschrift voor Sociale Geneeskunde 1972;50:182-7."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5646.777","article-title":"Scrotal carcinoma","volume":"i:","author":"Longley, E.O.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Longley EO. Scrotal carcinoma. Br Med J 1969;i:777.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"55","key":"ref_88","first-page":"71","volume":"1974","author":"Oil, Kipling MD.; cancer","unstructured":"Kipling MD. Oil and cancer. Ann R Coll Surg Eng 1974:55:71-9.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Eng"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"58","article-title":"In: Annual report of HM chief inspector of factories for 1968","author":"Lloyd-Davies, T.A.","year":"1969","unstructured":". Lloyd-Davies TA. In: Annual report of HM chief inspector of factories for 1968. London: HMSO, 1969:58-62."},{"key":"ref_90","first-page":"67","article-title":"In: Annual report of HM chief inspector of factories for 1969","author":"Lloyd-Davies, T.A.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Lloyd-Davies TA. In: Annual report of HM chief inspector of factories for 1969. London: HMSO, 1970:67-72."}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.40.4.390","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T11:12:59Z","timestamp":1601118779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.40.4.390"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,11,1]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.40.4.390","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,11,1]]}}}