{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T10:23:00Z","timestamp":1790158980818,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/oem.47.4.248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,17]],"date-time":"2008-12-17T00:07:03Z","timestamp":1229472423000},"page":"248-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Health related selection and death rates in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority workforce."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Beral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Low mortality rates in industrial cohort studies due to selection for work and survival in the industry","volume":"30","author":"Fox, A.J.; Collier, P.F.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Fox AJ, Collier PF. Low mortality rates in industrial cohort studies due to selection for work and survival in the industry. Br J Prev Soc Med 1976;30:225-30.","journal-title":"Br J Prev Soc Med"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-197603000-00009","article-title":"Standardised mortality ratios and the \"healthy worker effect\": scratching beneath the surface","volume":"18","author":"McMichael, A.J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"McMichael AJ. Standardised mortality ratios and the \"healthy worker effect\": scratching beneath the surface. J Occup Med 1976;18:165-8.","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198606000-00009","article-title":"Observations on the healthy worker effect","volume":"28","author":"Monson, R.R.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Monson RR. Observations on the healthy worker effect. J Occup Med 1986;28:425-33.","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2161","article-title":"Time-related factors as potential confounders and effect modifiers in studies based on an occupational cohort","volume":"12","author":"Pearce, N.; Checkoway, H.; Shy, C.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pearce N, Checkoway H, Shy C. Time-related factors as potential confounders and effect modifiers in studies based on an occupational cohort. Scand J Work Environ Health 1986;12:97-107.","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"85","article-title":"Healthy worker effect","volume-title":"Methods and issues in occupational and environmental epidemiology","author":"Tola, S.; Hernberg, S.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tola S, Hernberg S. Healthy worker effect. In: Chiazze L, Lundin FE, Watkins D, eds. Methods and issues in occupational and environmental epidemiology. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Ann Arbor Science, 1983:85-92."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"11","article-title":"Some observations on the healthy worker effect","volume":"37","author":"Carpenter, L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Carpenter L. Some observations on the healthy worker effect. Br I J Ind Med 1987;37:11-24.","journal-title":"Br I J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"4","article-title":"\"Negative\" results in cohort studies-how to recognise fallacies","volume":"7","author":"Hernberg, S.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hernberg S. \"Negative\" results in cohort studies-how to recognise fallacies. Scand J Work Environ Health 1981;7(suppl 4):121-6.","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112047","article-title":"Effects of selection on mortality","volume":"100","author":"Seltzer, C.C.; Jablon, S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Seltzer CC, Jablon S. Effects of selection on mortality. Am J Epidemiol 1974;100:367-72.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2480","article-title":"Occupational mortality studies. Principles of validity","volume":"8","author":"Wang, J.-D.; Miettinen, O.S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Wang J-D, Miettinen OS. Occupational mortality studies. Principles of validity. Scand J Work Environ Health 1982;8:153-8.","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.39.4.277","article-title":"An epidemiological application ofPopper's method","volume":"39","author":"Weed, D.L.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Weed DL. An epidemiological application ofPopper's method. J Epidemiol Community Health 1985;39:277-85.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113392","article-title":"Some confounding factors in the study of mortality and occupational exposures","volume":"116","author":"Gilbert, E.S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Gilbert ES. Some confounding factors in the study of mortality and occupational exposures. Am J Epidemiol 1982;116: 177-88.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115089","article-title":"Components and modifiers of the healthy worker effect: evidence from three occupational cohorts and implications for industrial compensation","volume":"128","author":"Howe, G.R.; Chiarelli, A.M.; Lindsay, J.P.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Howe GR, Chiarelli AM, Lindsay JP. Components and modifiers of the healthy worker effect: evidence from three occupational cohorts and implications for industrial compensation. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128:1364-75.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2078","article-title":"The healthy worker effect. Selection of workers and workforces","volume":"13","author":"Wilcosky, T.; Wing, S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wilcosky T, Wing S. The healthy worker effect. Selection of workers and workforces. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987;13:70-2.","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.36.2.69","article-title":"Selection and mortality differentials","volume":"36","author":"Fox, A.J.; Goldblatt, P.O.; Adelstein, A.M.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fox AJ, Goldblatt PO, Adelstein AM. Selection and mortality differentials. J Epidemiol Community Health 1982;36:69-79.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"335","article-title":"The healthy worker effect in actively working communications workers","volume":"29","author":"Weed, D.L.; Tyroler, H.A.; Shy, C.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Weed DL, Tyroler HA, Shy C. The healthy worker effect in actively working communications workers. J Occup Med 1987;29:335-9.","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780060805","article-title":"Models of the healthy worker effect in industrial cohorts","volume":"6","author":"Bell, C.M.J.; Coleman, D.A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bell CMJ, Coleman DA. Models of the healthy worker effect in industrial cohorts. Statistics in Medicine 1987;6:901-9.","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6493.435","article-title":"Collection and validation of data in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority mortality study","volume":"291","author":"Fraser, P.; Booth, M.; Beral, V.; Inskip, H.; Firsht, S.; Speak, S.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fraser P, Booth M, Beral V, Inskip H, Firsht S, Speak S. Collection and validation of data in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority mortality study. Br Med J 1985;291:435-9.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"149","article-title":"Further assessment of the effects of occupational radiation exposure in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority mortality study","volume":"44","author":"Inskip, H.; Beral, V.; Fraser, P.; Booth, M.; Coleman, D.; Brown, A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Inskip H, Beral V, Fraser P, Booth M, Coleman D, Brown A. Further assessment of the effects of occupational radiation exposure in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority mortality study. Br J Ind Med 1987;44:149-60.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_19","article-title":"The \"healthy worker effect\" and other determinants ofmortality in workers in the nuclear industry. In: Health effects of low dose ionising radiation-recent advances and their implications","author":"Beral, V.; Carpenter, L.; Booth, M.; Inskip, H.; Brown, A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Beral V, Carpenter L, Booth M, Inskip H, Brown A. The \"healthy worker effect\" and other determinants ofmortality in workers in the nuclear industry. In: Health effects of low dose ionising radiation-recent advances and their implications. Proceedings of the British Nuclear Energy Society conference, London, 1987. London: British Nuclear Energy Society, 1988.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the British Nuclear Energy Society conference, London"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.2307\/2530817","article-title":"The analysis of mortality by the subject-years method","volume":"39","author":"Berry, G.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Berry G. The analysis of mortality by the subject-years method. Biometrics 1983;39:173-84.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Population Censuses and Surveys. Classification of Occupations 1970","author":"Office of","year":"1970","unstructured":"Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Classification of Occupations 1970. London: HMSO, 1970."},{"key":"ref_22","article-title":"International classification of diseases","volume-title":"8th rev. Geneva; WHO,","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"1967","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. International classification of diseases. 8th rev. Geneva; WHO, 1967."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2307\/2528501","article-title":"Significance factors for the ratio of a Poisson variable to its expectation","volume":"20","author":"Bailar, J.C.; Ederer, F.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Bailar JC, Ederer F. Significance factors for the ratio of a Poisson variable to its expectation. Biometrics 1964;20:639-43.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_24","article-title":"The GLIM System (release 3.77) user's guide","author":"Baker, R.J.; Francis, B.; Green, M.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Baker RJ, Francis B, Green M, et al. The GLIM System (release 3.77) user's guide. Oxford: Numerical Algorithms Group, 1985."},{"key":"ref_25","article-title":"Generalised linear models","author":"McCullagh, P.; Nelder, J.A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"McCullagh P, Nelder JA. Generalised linear models. London: Chapman and Hall, 1983."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1983.10477915","article-title":"Multiplicative models and cohort analysis","volume":"78","author":"Breslow, N.E.; Lubin, J.H.; Marek, P.; Langholtz, B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Breslow NE, Lubin JH, Marek P, Langholtz B. Multiplicative models and cohort analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1983;78:1-12.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"55","article-title":"The standardised mortality ratio","volume-title":"Biostatistics: statistics in biomedical, public health and environmental sciences","author":"Breslow, N.E.; Day, N.E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Breslow NE, Day NE. The standardised mortality ratio. In: Sen PK, ed. Biostatistics: statistics in biomedical, public health and environmental sciences. New York: Elsevier, 1985:55-74."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"416","article-title":"Vinyl chloride and mortality","volume":"ii:","author":"Fox, A.J.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Fox AJ. Vinyl chloride and mortality. Lancet 1976;ii:416-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"151","article-title":"Population Censuses and Surveys. Occupational mortality: the Registrar General's decennial supplement 1970-72","volume":"41","author":"McDonald, A.D.; Fry, J.S.; Wooley, A.J.; McDonald, J.C.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Occupational mortality: the Registrar General's decennial supplement 1970-72. London: HMSO, 1978. (Series DS No 1.) 31 McDonald AD, Fry JS, Wooley AJ, McDonald JC. Dust exposure and mortality in an American chrysotile asbestos friction products plant. Br J Ind Med 1984;41:151-7.","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med; Series DS No 1"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"457","article-title":"Developments in assessing carcinogenic risks from radiation","volume-title":"Radiation carcinogenesis: epidemiology and biological significance","author":"Beebe, G.W.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Beebe GW. Developments in assessing carcinogenic risks from radiation. In: Boice JD, Fraumeni JF, eds. Radiation carcinogenesis: epidemiology and biological significance. New York: Raven Press, 1984:457-66."}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.47.4.248","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T11:18:27Z","timestamp":1601119107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.47.4.248"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.47.4.248","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,4,1]]}}}