{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:52:57Z","timestamp":1790898777547,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: To develop a reliable method for collecting information on reproductive outcome in an occupational setting; and to investigate the health of children born to medical radiographers. METHODS: The study population comprised 6730 members of the College of Radiographers who were, at the time of survey; aged between 30 and 64 years, on the current membership file of the College, and were resident in Britain. RESULTS: The postal method developed proved to be reliable, with around 87% of questionnaires being returned. The observed frequencies of reproductive events were broadly in line with findings from other studies: of the 9208 pregnancies reported, 83% were livebirths, 12% were miscarriages (gestational age &lt; 20 weeks), 1% were stillbirths (gestational age &gt; or = 20 weeks), and 1% were other rarer spontaneous adverse events (ectopic pregnancy, blighted ovum, and hydatidiform mole). There was little difference between men and women in the frequency of adverse reproductive events reported, with the exception that male radiographers reported fewer medical terminations, the proportions being 3.1% and 1.4% for women and men respectively. Among children, the overall risks of major congenital malformation (RR 1.0, 95%CI 0.9-1.2), chromosomal anomaly (RR 1.4, 95%CI 0.8-2.3), and cancer (RR 1.2 95%CI 0.7-2.0) were as expected based on general population rates. Borderline excesses of chromosomal anomalies other than Down's syndrome in the children of female radiographers (RR 3.9, 95%CI 1.3-9.0, based on five observations), and cancer in the children of male radiographers (RR 2.7, 95%CI 0.9-6.5, based on five observations) were noted. The numbers on which these risks are based are small and the findings should be interpreted cautiously. CONCLUSIONS: The postal methods developed for obtaining information about reproductive events and child health proved to be reliable in men, as well as in women. Overall, the findings for medical radiographers are reassuring. Dose-response relations could not, however, be examined as long term dose records of radiographers are not routinely kept in an accessible form.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.53.2.73","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,17]],"date-time":"2008-12-17T00:14:48Z","timestamp":1229472888000},"page":"73-79","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Health of children born to medical radiographers."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"E","family":"Roman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Doyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Ansell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Bull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Beral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1972.tb00769.x","article-title":"Parental exposure to x irradiation and Down's syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Alberman, E.; Polani, P.E.; Roberts, J.A.F.; Spicer, C.C.; Elliott, M.; Armstrong, E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Alberman E, Polani PE, Roberts JAF, Spicer CC, Elliott M, Armstrong E. Parental exposure to x irradiation and Down's syndrome. Ann Hum Genet 1972;36:195-208.","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"185","article-title":"Parental x irradiation and chromosome constitution of their spontaneously aborted fetuses. Ann were resident in Britain and were on the current membership list of the College of Hum Genet","volume":"36","author":"Alberman, E.; Polani, P.E.; Roberts, J.A.F.; Spicer, C.C.; Elliott, M.; Armstrong, E.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Alberman E, Polani PE, Roberts JAF, Spicer CC, Elliott M, Armstrong E. Parental x irradiation and chromosome constitution of their spontaneously aborted fetuses. Ann were resident in Britain and were on the current membership list of the College of Hum Genet 1972;36:185-94."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"361","article-title":"Risk of leukaemia in susceptible children exposed to preconception, in utero and postnatal Radiographers between 1988 and 1990. 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Nevertheless, the study contains a large body of information about the reproductive histories of people who have made their career 681-6."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/8\/1\/301","article-title":"Pregnancy x rays and childhood cancers: effects of exposure, age and radiation dose","volume":"8","author":"Gilman, E.A.; Kneale, G.W.; Knox, E.G.; Stewart, A.M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gilman EA, Kneale GW, Knox EG, Stewart AM. Pregnancy x rays and childhood cancers: effects of exposure, age and radiation dose. Journal of Radiological Protection 1988;8:3-8.","journal-title":"Journal of Radiological Protection"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780070804","article-title":"A new calculation of the carcinogenic risk of obstetric x raying","volume":"7","author":"Bithell, J.F.; Stiller, C.A.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bithell JF, Stiller CA. 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Environ Health Perspect 1989; 81: tion contained within the National Registry of Radiation Workers (NRRW) with records of childhood cancer held in the National Registry of Childhood Tumours.'6 Another, the nuclear industry family study (NIFS), using similar methods to the present study, is linking routinely kept health physics data to information on reproductive events and child health 131-5","author":"MacMahon, B.","unstructured":"MacMahon B. Some recent issues in low-exposure radiation epidemiology. 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Leukaemia 1994;8:2005-18.","journal-title":"Leukaemia"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.53.2.73","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T14:22:09Z","timestamp":1716474129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.53.2.73"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.53.2.73"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.53.2.73","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,2]]}}}