{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T15:10:02Z","timestamp":1716477002974},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: The role of occupational exposures in hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) was investigated through a multicentre, hospital based, case-control study. This paper analyses the role of exposure to benzene in HCL. METHODS: A population of 226 male cases of HCL and 425 matched controls were included in the study. Benzene exposure was evaluated by expert review of the detailed data on occupational exposures generated by case-control interviews. RESULTS: No association was found between HCL and employment in a job exposed to benzene (odds ratio (OR) 0.9 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.6-1.3)). The sample included 125 subjects, 34 cases (15%), and 91 controls (21%) who had been exposed to benzene, as individually assessed by the experts, for at least one hour a month during one of their jobs. Benzene exposure was not associated with a risk of HCL (OR 0.8 (0.5-1.2)). No trend towards an increase in OR was detected for increasing exposures, the percentage of work time involving exposure to &gt; 1 ppm, or the duration of exposure. No findings suggested a particular risk period, when the OR associated with the time since first or last exposure, or since the end of exposure, were examined. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, with the low exposures prevalent in the sample, the study did not show any association between benzene exposure and HCL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.53.8.533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,17]],"date-time":"2008-12-17T00:14:48Z","timestamp":1229472888000},"page":"533-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hairy cell leukaemia and occupational exposure to benzene."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Clavel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Conso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J C","family":"Limasset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Mandereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Roche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Flandrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"H\u00e9mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Himon Table 7 Association between HCL and benzene exposure as a function of temporal exposure characteristics","author":"Clavel, Conso; Limasset, Mandereau; Roche, Flandyin","unstructured":"Clavel, Conso, Limasset, Mandereau, Roche, Flandyin, Himon Table 7 Association between HCL and benzene exposure as a function of temporal exposure characteristics"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref_2","first-page":"0","article-title":"There was no evidence of an association with any of the temporal variables, time since first exposure, time since the end of exposure, and duration of exposure (table 7). Moreover, if only those exposures occurring at least five years before diagnosis are considered, the ORs remain close to unity","volume":"0","unstructured":"There was no evidence of an association with any of the temporal variables, time since first exposure, time since the end of exposure, and duration of exposure (table 7). Moreover, if only those exposures occurring at least five years before diagnosis are considered, the ORs remain close to unity (OR 0-8 (0-5-1-2) for benzene exposure irrespective of exposure source or level).","journal-title":"(OR; for benzene exposure irrespective of exposure source or level"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"The data available to the experts were insufficient to enable assessment of the exposure of painters before the dearomatisation of the mineral spirits used in the paint trade. The analysis in table 6 was thus repeated with exposure values 10-then 100-fold greater than the initial levels for painters. The estimated ORs remained close to 1. No association or increasing trend was detected, although subject distribution as a function of exposure level varied substantially from estimation to estimation","unstructured":"The data available to the experts were insufficient to enable assessment of the exposure of painters before the dearomatisation of the mineral spirits used in the paint trade. The analysis in table 6 was thus repeated with exposure values 10-then 100-fold greater than the initial levels for painters. The estimated ORs remained close to 1. No association or increasing trend was detected, although subject distribution as a function of exposure level varied substantially from estimation to estimation."},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"Restriction of the analysis to non-smokers and adjustment on the pack-years variable (rather than on smoker, ex-smoker, or nonsmoker) yielded similar results. Restriction of subjects to those never having farmed, or to those from regions in which little agriculture is practised had no impact on the results. Similarly, no change in the results was found when the population was restricted to those taken into hospital after 1984","unstructured":"Restriction of the analysis to non-smokers and adjustment on the pack-years variable (rather than on smoker, ex-smoker, or nonsmoker) yielded similar results. Restriction of subjects to those never having farmed, or to those from regions in which little agriculture is practised had no impact on the results. Similarly, no change in the results was found when the population was restricted to those taken into hospital after 1984."},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Due to the rarity of the disease, retrospective recruitment was conducted. For practical reasons, the study only examined living cases. If benzene exposure is related to duration of survival, this design could miss an effect. However, the results were unchanged when the analysis was restricted to pairs in which the cases were diagnosed after 1984, when survival was threefold higher because interferon-a became available for therapeutic use. Replacement of Hairy cell leukemia and occupational exposure to benzene non-responding controls by other eligible con-We are also indebted to Dr Victoria Mora, occupational trols did not seem to induce a bias as estimates were very similar when analysis was restricted health physician, who conducted most of the specific interviews. We are grateful to AG Mullarky for his skillful translation of the manuscript","unstructured":"Due to the rarity of the disease, retrospective recruitment was conducted. For practical reasons, the study only examined living cases. If benzene exposure is related to duration of survival, this design could miss an effect. However, the results were unchanged when the analysis was restricted to pairs in which the cases were diagnosed after 1984, when survival was threefold higher because interferon-a became available for therapeutic use. Replacement of Hairy cell leukemia and occupational exposure to benzene non-responding controls by other eligible con-We are also indebted to Dr Victoria Mora, occupational trols did not seem to induce a bias as estimates were very similar when analysis was restricted health physician, who conducted most of the specific interviews. We are grateful to AG Mullarky for his skillful translation of the manuscript."},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation ofthe carcinogenic risk ofchemicals to obtained for the various job categories with the study classification system are in line with the humans","volume":"29","year":"1982","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation ofthe carcinogenic risk ofchemicals to obtained for the various job categories with the study classification system are in line with the humans. Some industrial chemicals and dyestuffs, vol 29. Lyon, France: IARC, 1982.","journal-title":"Some industrial chemicals and dyestuffs"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"122","article-title":"Benzene and leukemia. Environ Res published data.'5 22 Classification errors in exposure would probably have modified the ORs of","volume":"11","author":"Vigliani, E.C.; Forni, A.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Vigliani EC, Forni A. Benzene and leukemia. Environ Res published data.'5 22 Classification errors in exposure would probably have modified the ORs of 1976;11:122-7."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"3","article-title":"Leukemia in workers due to occupational exposure to benzene","volume":"12","author":"Aksoy, M.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Aksoy M. Leukemia in workers due to occupational exposure to benzene. Clin Sci 1977;12:3-14.","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"the various categories to a limited extent without showing an association","unstructured":"the various categories to a limited extent without showing an association. This was in fact"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"76","article-title":"Leukaemia in benzene workers","volume":"2","author":"Infante, P.F.; Rinsky, R.A.; Wagoner, J.K.; Young, R.J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Infante PF, Rinsky RA, Wagoner JK, Young RJ. Leukaemia in benzene workers. Lancet 1977;2:76-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"217","article-title":"Leukemia in benzene found with the painter exposure estimations: exposures were increased 100-fold without any workers","volume":"2","author":"Rinsky, R.A.; Young, R.J.; Smith, A.B.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rinsky RA, Young RJ, Smith AB. Leukemia in benzene found with the painter exposure estimations: exposures were increased 100-fold without any workers. AmJInd Med 1981;2:217-45.","journal-title":"AmJInd Med"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1044","article-title":"Benzene and leukemia. An epichange in the conclusions of the analysis. The interview non-response rate was comparable for demiological risk asssessment","volume":"16","author":"Rinsky, R.A.; Smith, A.B.; Hornung, R.; Filloon, T.G.; Young, R.J.; Okun, A.H.; Landrigan, P.J.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rinsky RA, Smith AB, Hornung R, Filloon TG, Young RJ, Okun AH, Landrigan PJ. Benzene and leukemia. An epichange in the conclusions of the analysis. The interview non-response rate was comparable for demiological risk asssessment. N Engl Jf Med 1987;16: 1044-50.","journal-title":"N Engl Jf Med"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"419","article-title":"Benzene and leukemia-a cases (7-1%) and controls (5 2%). It would therefore seem improbable that","volume":"127","author":"Austin, H.; Delzell, E.; Cole, P.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Austin H, Delzell E, Cole P. Benzene and leukemia-a cases (7-1%) and controls (5 2%). It would therefore seem improbable that the review of the literature and Epideemiol 1988;127:419-39.","journal-title":"the review of the literature and Epideemiol"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8982289","article-title":"absence of association could be totally explained by classification errors. It is, however, Consistencies and inconsistencies underlying the quantitative assessment of leukemia risk from benzene exposure","volume":"82","year":"1989","unstructured":"absence of association could be totally explained by classification errors. It is, however, Consistencies and inconsistencies underlying the quantitative assessment of leukemia risk from benzene exposure. Environ Health Perspect 1989;82:289-97.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"234","article-title":"Solvent exposure and leukemia among rubber workers: an epidemiologic study","volume":"17","author":"McMichael, A.J.; Spirtas, R.; I.., Kupper; Gamble, J.F.","year":"1975","unstructured":"McMichael AJ, Spirtas R, Kupper I.., Gamble JF. Solvent exposure and leukemia among rubber workers: an epidemiologic study. J Occup Med 1975;17:234-9. of that chemical. Such exposures would have been overlooked by the analysis. Yet, it is strik-","journal-title":"J Occup Med; of that chemical. Such exposures would have been overlooked by the analysis"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"598","article-title":"Lymphocytic leukemia and exposures to benzene and other solvents in the rubber industry","volume":"25","author":"Arp, E.W.; Wolf, P.H.; Checkoway, H.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Arp EW, Wolf PH, Checkoway H. Lymphocytic leukemia and exposures to benzene and other solvents in the rubber industry. JfOccup Med 1983;25:598-602. ing that the authors' evaluation only assigns two subjects to an estimated cumulative exposure","journal-title":"JfOccup Med; authors' evaluation only assigns two subjects to an estimated cumulative exposure"},{"key":"ref_17","article-title":"An evaluation of the associations of leukemia and rubber industry solvents exposures","author":"Checkoway, H.; Wilcosky, T.; Wolf, P.; Tyroler, H.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Checkoway H, Wilcosky T, Wolf P, Tyroler H. An evaluation of the associations of leukemia and rubber industry solvents exposures. Am Ind Med 1984;5:239-49. > 40 ppm-years, the upper limit of the lowest exposure category in the United States Pliofilm","journal-title":"Am Ind Med; 5: 239-49. > 40 ppm-years, the upper limit of the lowest exposure category in the United States Pliofilm"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"662","article-title":"Cancer among oil refinery workers. A review of epidemiologic studies","volume":"26","author":"Savitz, D.A.; Moure, R.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Savitz DA, Moure R Cancer among oil refinery workers. A review of epidemiologic studies. Jf Occup Med 1984;26: 662-70. cohort.6'0 The risk of leukaemia (mainly acute myeloid leukaemia) has been established for","journal-title":"Jf Occup Med; The risk of leukaemia (mainly acute myeloid leukaemia) has been established for"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"475","article-title":"Health experience of workers in the petroleum manufacturing and distribution industry: a review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Harrington, J.M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Harrington JM. Health experience of workers in the petroleum manufacturing and distribution industry: a review of the literature. AmJInd Med 1987;12:475-97. higher exposures.' 7 The present study population did not include any of the jobs for which","journal-title":"AmJInd Med; higher exposures"},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"Critical review of cancer epidemiologyin petroleum industry employees, with a quantitative meta-analysis by cancer site. Am J7 Ind Med 1989; 15: high exposures have been reported: no rotogravure or photogravure printers, no use of 283-310","author":"Wong 0, Raabe GK","unstructured":"Wong 0, Raabe GK. Critical review of cancer epidemiologyin petroleum industry employees, with a quantitative meta-analysis by cancer site. Am J7 Ind Med 1989;15: high exposures have been reported: no rotogravure or photogravure printers, no use of 283-310."},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation ofthe carcinogenic risk ofchemicals to rubber dissolving adhesives, no chemical industry workers involved in organic syntheses, no humans. Occupational exposures in petroleum refining; crude oil and major petroleum","volume":"45","year":"1989","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation ofthe carcinogenic risk ofchemicals to rubber dissolving adhesives, no chemical industry workers involved in organic syntheses, no humans. Occupational exposures in petroleum refining; crude oil and major petroleum fuels, vol 45. Lyon, France: IARC, 1989.","journal-title":"fuels"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"675","article-title":"rubber industry workers who had used ben-16","volume-title":"A case-conzene. Aksoy's cases of HCL were exposed to trol inquiry into the etiology Epidemiol","volume":"121","author":"D, Golomb H.M.; MD, Farber; PS, Levy","year":"1985","unstructured":"rubber industry workers who had used ben-16 Oleske D, Golomb HM, Farber MD, Levy PS. A case-conzene. Aksoy's cases of HCL were exposed to trol inquiry into the etiology Epidemiol 1985;121:675-83."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03213.x","article-title":"Hairy cell leukaemia: descriptive epidemiology and a case-control study","volume":"85","author":"Staines, A.; Cartwright, R.A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Staines A, Cartwright RA. Hairy cell leukaemia: descriptive epidemiology and a case-control study. Br Jf Haematol 1993;85:714-7.","journal-title":"Br Jf Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_24","first-page":"1","article-title":"showed a significant association between HCL 18 Flandrin G, Collado S. Is male predominance in hairy cell and the use of petroleum products, irrespective leukaemia related to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, benzene, and other solvents? Br Jf Haematol ofproduct type","volume":"3","unstructured":"showed a significant association between HCL 18 Flandrin G, Collado S. Is male predominance in hairy cell and the use of petroleum products, irrespective leukaemia related to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, benzene, and other solvents? Br Jf Haematol ofproduct type (OR 3-1 (1-5-6.4)). Staines and Cartwright'7 (50 cases and 95 controls)","journal-title":"(OR; Staines and Cartwright'7 (50 cases and 95 controls"},{"key":"ref_25","article-title":"International standard classification of occupations, revised edition","volume-title":"reported comparable results with ORs of 2-1 (0 9-5 0) for use ofpetroleum products and 2-0","year":"1968","unstructured":"International standard classification of occupations, revised edition. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1968. reported comparable results with ORs of 2-1 (0 9-5 0) for use ofpetroleum products and 2-0"},{"key":"ref_26","article-title":"economic activities","author":"International standard industrial classification of all","year":"1975","unstructured":"International standard industrial classification of all economic activities. New York: United Nations, 1975."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"2","article-title":"in the retrospective evaluation by experts of occupational In conclusion, no association was found exposure to organic solvents in a population-based casecontrol study","volume":"22","year":"1993","unstructured":"in the retrospective evaluation by experts of occupational In conclusion, no association was found exposure to organic solvents in a population-based casecontrol study. IntJEpidemiol 1993:22(suppl 2):s121-6.","journal-title":"IntJEpidemiol"},{"key":"ref_28","article-title":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation ofthe carcinogenic risk ofchemicals to humans. Some organic solvents, resin monomers, pigments employed during the 1940s-80s in France. However, this finding does not exclude a possiand occupational exposures in paint manufacture and","volume":"47","year":"1989","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation ofthe carcinogenic risk ofchemicals to humans. Some organic solvents, resin monomers, pigments employed during the 1940s-80s in France. However, this finding does not exclude a possiand occupational exposures in paint manufacture and painting, vol 47. Lyon, France: IARC, 1989.","journal-title":"painting"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"19","article-title":"Health hazards in a small automotive ble association between high-level exposure and the disease. The high OR, albeit for a few subbody repair shop","volume":"28","author":"Jayjock, M.A.; Levin, L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jayjock MA, Levin L. 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BrJ Haematol 1987;66:209-1 1.","journal-title":"BrJ Haematol"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.53.8.533","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T14:34:04Z","timestamp":1716474844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.53.8.533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.53.8.533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.53.8.533","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1996,8]]}}}