{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T15:18:45Z","timestamp":1791299925400,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: Motor vehicle exhaust fumes are the main source of atmospheric pollution in cities in industrialised countries. They cause respiratory disease and annoy people exposed to them. The relation between ambient exposure to air pollution mainly from motor vehicles and annoyance reactions in a general population was assessed. Also, the importance of factors such as age, sex, respiratory disease, access to the use of a car, and smoking habits on the reporting of these reactions was studied. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent out in 55 urban areas in Sweden that had nearly identical air quality monitoring stations of the urban air monitoring network. From each area, 150 people aged 16-70 were randomly selected. The questionnaire contained questions on perception of air quality as well as a question on how often exhaust fumes were annoying. RESULTS: Six-monthly nitrogen dioxide concentrations correlated consistently with the prevalence of reported annoyance related to air pollution and traffic exhaust fumes. Black smoke and sulphur dioxide had no significant effects. The frequency of reporting annoyance reactions was higher among people with asthma, women, and people with lack of access to a car. CONCLUSIONS: In this study town dwellers could detect poor air quality at concentrations well below current guidelines for outdoor air pollution. This suggests that questionnaire studies have a place in monitoring air quality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.54.1.44","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,17]],"date-time":"2008-12-17T00:14:48Z","timestamp":1229472888000},"page":"44-48","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["People can detect poor air quality well below guideline concentrations: a prevalence study of annoyance reactions and air pollution from traffic."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"B","family":"Forsberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Stjernberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Nations environment programme. Urban air pollution in megacities of the world","author":"World Health Organization, United","year":"1992","unstructured":"World Health Organization, United Nations environment programme. Urban air pollution in megacities of the world. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992:7."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(83)90022-7","article-title":"Smoke from diesel-engined road vehicles: an investigation into the basis of British and European emission standards","volume":"17","author":"Ball, D.J.; Caswell, R.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ball DJ, Caswell R. Smoke from diesel-engined road vehicles: an investigation into the basis of British and European emission standards. Atmos Environ 1983;17: 169-81.","journal-title":"Atmos Environ"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Health nsks resultingfrom exposure to motor vehicle exhaust","author":"Ewetz, L.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ewetz L, Camner P, eds. Health nsks resultingfrom exposure to motor vehicle exhaust. Stockholm: National Swedish Institute of Environmental Medicine, 1983."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(94)90223-2","article-title":"Road traffic pollution and public nuisance","author":"McCrae, I.C.; Williams, I.D.","year":"1994","unstructured":"McCrae IC, Williams ID. Road traffic pollution and public nuisance. Sci Total Environ 1994,1461147:81-91.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/00022470.1967.10468959","article-title":"A method for using air pollution measurements and public opinion to establish ambient air quality standards","volume":"17","author":"Stalker, W.W.; Robison, C.B.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Stalker WW, Robison CB. A method for using air pollution measurements and public opinion to establish ambient air quality standards. Journal of Air Pollution Control Association 1967;17:142-4.","journal-title":"Journal of Air Pollution Control Association"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1993.9938393","article-title":"Respiratory health associated with exposure to automobile exhaust. I. Results of cross-sectional studies in 1979, 1982, and 1983","volume":"48","author":"Nitta, H.; Sato, T.; Nakai, S.; Maeda, K.; Aoki, S.; Ono, M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nitta H, Sato T, Nakai S, Maeda K, Aoki S, Ono M. Respiratory health associated with exposure to automobile exhaust. I. Results of cross-sectional studies in 1979, 1982, and 1983. Arch Environ Health 1993;48:53-8.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6904.596","article-title":"Road traffic and adverse effects on respiratory health in children","volume":"307","author":"Wjst, M.; Reitmeir, P.; Dold, S.; Wulff, A.; Nicolai, T.; Loeffelholz-Colberg, E.F.; Mutius, E.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wjst M, Reitmeir P, Dold S, Wulff A, Nicolai T, Loeffelholz-Colberg EF, Mutius E. Road traffic and adverse effects on respiratory health in children. BMJ 1993;307:596-600.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1994.9937471","article-title":"Hospital admissions for asthma in pre-school children: relationship to major roads in Birmingham, United Kingdom","volume":"49","author":"Edwards, J.; Walters, S.; Griffiths, R.K.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Edwards J, Walters S, Griffiths RK. Hospital admissions for asthma in pre-school children: relationship to major roads in Birmingham, United Kingdom. Arch Environ Health 1994;49:223-7.","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(88)80002-1","article-title":"Psychological reactions to air pollutions","volume":"45","author":"Evans, G.W.; Colome, S.D.; Shearer, D.F.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Evans GW, Colome SD, Shearer DF. Psychological reactions to air pollutions. Environ Res 1988;45:1-5.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1177\/074823379000600204","article-title":"The risk of nitrogen dioxide: what have we learned from epidemiological and clinical studies?","volume":"6","author":"Samet, J.M.; Utell, M.J.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Samet JM, Utell MJ. The risk of nitrogen dioxide: what have we learned from epidemiological and clinical studies? Toxicol Id Health 1990;6:247-62.","journal-title":"Toxicol Id Health"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"2","article-title":"Health risk evaluation of nitrogen oxides","volume":"19","author":"Berglund, M.; Bostrom, C.-E.; Bylin, G.; Ewetz, L.; Gustavsson, L.; Moldeus, P.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berglund M, Bostrom C-E, Bylin G, Ewetz L, Gustavsson L, Moldeus P, et al. Health risk evaluation of nitrogen oxides. Scand J Work Environ Health 1993;19(suppl 2: 1-720).","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.48.3.244","article-title":"Association of severe asthma attacks with weather, pollen, and air pollutants","volume":"48","author":"Rossi, O.V.J.; Kinnula, V.; Tienari, J.; Huhti, E.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rossi OVJ, Kinnula V, Tienari J, Huhti E. Association of severe asthma attacks with weather, pollen, and air pollutants. Thorax 1993;48:244-8.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1993.tb02402.x","article-title":"Pulmonary function changes in asthmatics associated with low-level SO, and NO2 air pollution, weather, and medicine intake","volume":"48","author":"Moseholm, L.; Tandorf, E.; Frosig, A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moseholm L, Tandorf E, Frosig A. Pulmonary function changes in asthmatics associated with low-level SO, and NO2 air pollution, weather, and medicine intake. Allergy 1993;48:334-44.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref_14","article-title":"The health effects oftraffic pollution as measured in the Vdleberga area of Oslo-summary report","author":"Clench-Aas, J.; Bartonova, Larssen S.; A, Aarnes; MJ, Myhre; K, Christensen; C.C.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Clench-Aas J, Larssen S. Bartonova A, Aarnes MJ, Myhre K, Christensen CC, et al. The health effects oftraffic pollution as measured in the Vdleberga area of Oslo-summary report. Lillestrom: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, 1991."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"291","article-title":"Male-female differences in concern for environmental quality","volume":"6","author":"McStay, JR, Dunlap; R.E.","year":"1983","unstructured":"McStay JR, Dunlap RE. Male-female differences in concern for environmental quality. International Journal of Women's Studies 1983;6:291-301.","journal-title":"International Journal of Women's Studies"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9087275","article-title":"Predicting public concern regarding toxic substances in the environment","volume":"87","author":"Howe, H.L.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Howe HL. Predicting public concern regarding toxic substances in the environment. Environ Health Perspect 1990;87:275-81.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)E0104-Z","article-title":"Why do women report sick building symptoms more than men?","volume":"40","author":"Stenberg, B.; Wall, S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stenberg B, Wall S. Why do women report sick building symptoms more than men? Soc Sci Med 1995;40:491-502.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197603252941302","article-title":"Cold urticaria: release into the circulation of histamine and eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis during cold challenge","volume":"294","author":"Soter, N.A.; Wasserman, S.I.; Austen, K.F.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Soter NA, Wasserman SI, Austen KF. Cold urticaria: release into the circulation of histamine and eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis during cold challenge. NEnglJ Med 1976;294:687-90.","journal-title":"NEnglJ Med"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"457","article-title":"Pathogenic properties of invading micro-organisms","volume-title":"physiology, mechanisms ofdisease","author":"Weinstein, L.; Swartz, M.N.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Weinstein L, Swartz MN. Pathogenic properties of invading micro-organisms. In: Sodeman WA Jr, Sodeman WA, eds. Pathologic physiology, mechanisms ofdisease. Philadelphia: W B Saunders, 1974:457-72."}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.54.1.44","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T17:13:32Z","timestamp":1717002812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.54.1.44"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.54.1.44"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.54.1.44","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}}}