{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:51:29Z","timestamp":1793922689843,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVE: To study chronic effects of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) on cranial nerve I (nervi olfactorii), which have been only minimally described. METHODS: Chemosensations (smell and taste) were evaluated in eight men who complained of continuing dysfunction 2-3 years after the start of occupational exposure to H2S. Various bilateral (both nostrils) and unilateral (one nostril at a time) odour threshold tests with standard odorants as well as the Chicago smell test, a three odour detection and identification test and the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test, a series of 40 scratch and sniff odour identification tests were administered. RESULTS: Six of the eight patients showed deficits of various degrees. Two had normal scores on objective tests, but thought that they continued to have problems. H2S apparently can cause continuing, sometimes unrecognised olfactory deficits. CONCLUSION: Further exploration into the extent of such problems among workers exposed to H2S is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.4.284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:13:30Z","timestamp":1230768810000},"page":"284-287","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Long-term effects on the olfactory system of exposure to hydrogen sulphide."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"A R","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Zavala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"491","article-title":"Disorders of the peripheral nervous system","volume-title":"Textbook of clinical occupational and environmental medicine","author":"Berger, A.R.; Schaumburg, H.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Berger AR, Schaumburg H. Disorders of the peripheral nervous system. In: Rosenstock L, Cullen MR, eds. Textbook of clinical occupational and environmental medicine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994:491."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2344","article-title":"Disorders of the autonomic nervous system","volume-title":"Principles of internal medicine","author":"Polinsky, R.J.; Martin, J.B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Polinsky RJ, Martin JB. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system. In: Isselbecher KJ, Braunwald E, Wilson JD, et al, eds. Principles of internal medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994;2344\u20137."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"34","article-title":"Toxicology of hydrogen sulfide","volume":"109","author":"ReiVenstein, R.J.; Hulbert, W.C.; Roth, S.H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"ReiVenstein RJ, Hulbert WC, Roth SH. Toxicology of hydrogen sulfide. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1992;109\u2013 34.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"323","article-title":"A review of the health eVects of hydrogen sulfide exposure","volume":"34","author":"Glass, D.C.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Glass DC. A review of the health eVects of hydrogen sulfide exposure. Ann Occup Hyg 1990;34:323\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Occup Hyg"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700200109","article-title":"Brain damage caused by hydrogen sulfide; a follow-up study of six patients","volume":"20","author":"Tevdt, B.; Skyberg, K.; Aaserud, O.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tevdt B, Skyberg K, Aaserud O, et al. Brain damage caused by hydrogen sulfide; a follow-up study of six patients. Am J Ind Med 1991;20:91\u2013101.","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"4","article-title":"Chronic neurotoxicity of acute hydrogen sulfide exposure without loss of consciousness. In: American occupational health conference, 26 April to 3","volume":"1996","author":"Hirsch, A.R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hirsch AR. Chronic neurotoxicity of acute hydrogen sulfide exposure without loss of consciousness. In: American occupational health conference, 26 April to 3 May 1996. San Antonio: American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1996:4.","journal-title":"San Antonio: American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"49","article-title":"Practical test kits for quantitatively evaluating the sense of smell","volume":"21","author":"Amoore, J.; Ollman, B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Amoore J, Ollman B. Practical test kits for quantitatively evaluating the sense of smell. Rhinology 1983;21:49\u201354.","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"642","article-title":"Evaluation of the Chicago smell test in a normal population","volume":"17","author":"abstract","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hirsch AR, Cain DR. Evaluation of the Chicago smell test in a normal population [abstract]. Chem Senses 1992;17: 642\u20133.","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"571","article-title":"Validation of the Chicago smell test in patients with subjective olfactory loss","volume":"18","author":"Hirsch, A.R.; Gotway, M.B.; Harris, A.T.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hirsch AR, Gotway MB, Harris AT. Validation of the Chicago smell test in patients with subjective olfactory loss [abstract]. Chem Senses 1993;18:571.","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(84)90269-5","article-title":"Development of the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test: standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function (monograph)","volume":"32","author":"Doty, R.L.; Shaman, P.; Dann, M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Doty RL, Shaman P, Dann M. Development of the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test: standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function (monograph). Physiol Behav 1984;32:489\u2013502.","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"ref_11","article-title":"Smell identification test administration manualHadden Heights","author":"Doty, R.L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Doty RL. Smell identification test administration manual, 3rd edition. Hadden Heights, NJ: Sensonics, 1995.","edition":"3"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"152","article-title":"Posttraumatic dysosmia: central v peripheral","volume":"14","author":"Hirsch, A.R.; Wyse, J.P.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hirsch AR, Wyse JP. Posttraumatic dysosmia: central v peripheral. J Neurol Orthop Med Surg 1993;14:152\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurol Orthop Med Surg"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"422","article-title":"EVects of inebriation on olfaction","volume":"43","author":"Hirsch, A.R.; Bussell, G.S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hirsch AR, Bussell GS. EVects of inebriation on olfaction. J Invest Med 1995;43:422A.","journal-title":"J Invest Med"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"177","article-title":"Neurotoxicity as a result of acute nitrogen tetroxide exposure. International Congress on Hazardous Waste: Impact on Human and Ecological Health","author":"Hirsch, A.R.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hirsch AR. Neurotoxicity as a result of acute nitrogen tetroxide exposure. International Congress on Hazardous Waste: Impact on Human and Ecological Health. Atlanta: US: Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1995:177."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"345","article-title":"Handbook of olfaction and gustation","author":"Doty, R.L.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Doty RL. Handbook of olfaction and gustation. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1995:345\u201365."}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.56.4.284","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T17:11:29Z","timestamp":1716484289000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.56.4.284"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.56.4.284"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.56.4.284","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}}}