{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:01:22Z","timestamp":1761058882652},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>OBJECTIVES: To screen adult subjects with asthma for sensitivity to inhaled sulphur dioxide (SO2) and identify subject characteristics associated with that sensitivity. Medication use, symptoms, and plasma antioxidant nutrients between SO2 responders and non-responders were compared. METHODS: Adult subjects (ages 18-39 years) with asthma were exposed to 0.5 ppm SO2 for 10 minutes during moderate exercise. Pulmonary function tests and symptom ratings were assessed before and after exposure (n = 47). A subject was classified as sensitive to SO2 if forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) showed a drop &gt; or = 8% over baseline. Blood samples were obtained from subjects (n = 38) before the SO2 challenge; plasma ascorbate, alpha-tocopherol, retinol, carotenoids, and lipids were measured. RESULTS: Of the 47 subjects screened, 53% had a drop in FEV1 &gt; or = 8% (ranging from -8% to -44%). Among those 25 subjects, the mean drop in FEV1 was -17.2%. Baseline pulmonary function indices (FEV1% of predicted and FEV1\/FVC% (forced vital capacity)) did not predict sensitivity to SO2. Although use of medication was inversely related to changes in pulmonary function after SO2 (p &lt; 0.05), both SO2 responders and non-responders were represented in each medication category. Total symptom scores after exposure were significantly correlated with changes in FEV1 (p &lt; 0.05), FVC (p &lt; 0.05), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) (p &lt; 0.01) but not forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% vital capacity (FEF25-75). Plasma beta-carotene concentrations were inversely associated with PEF values and ascorbate concentrations were inversely associated with FEV1 and FEV1\/FVC (p = 0.05 in all cases). High density lipoprotein concentrations were positively correlated with FEV1% of predicted (p &lt; 0.05) and inversely correlated with change in FEF25-75 (p &lt; 0.05) after SO2. CONCLUSION: These results show that the response to SO2 among adults with mild to moderate asthma is very diverse. Severity of asthma defined by medication category was not a predictor of sensitivity to SO2. Lung function values were associated with beta-carotene and ascorbate concentrations in plasma; however, plasma antioxidant nutrient concentrations were not associated with sensitivity to inhaled SO2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.56.8.544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:13:30Z","timestamp":1230768810000},"page":"544-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sulphur dioxide sensitivity and plasma antioxidants in adult subjects with asthma."],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"C A","family":"Trenga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J Q","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P V","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"600","article-title":"States Environmental Protection Agency. Air quality criteria for particulate matter and sulfur oxides","author":"United","year":"1982","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency. Air quality criteria for particulate matter and sulfur oxides. Washington, DC: USEPA, 1982. (EPA-600\/8\u201382\u2013029.)"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"87","article-title":"Health and Human Services. Toxicological profile for sulfur dioxide","author":"United States Department of","year":"1998","unstructured":"United States Department of Health and Human Services. Toxicological profile for sulfur dioxide. Atlanta, GA: USDHHS, Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry, 1998:87."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"85","article-title":"Pulmonary eVects of inhaled sulfur dioxide in atopic adolescent subjects: a review","volume-title":"Inhalation toxicology of air pollution: clinical research considerations","author":"Koenig, J.Q.; Pierson, W.E.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Koenig JQ, Pierson WE. Pulmonary eVects of inhaled sulfur dioxide in atopic adolescent subjects: a review. In: R Frank, JJ O\u2019Neil, MJ Utell, et al, eds. Inhalation toxicology of air pollution: clinical research considerations. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1986:85\u201391."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1520\/STP22838S","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics exposed for short durations under controlled conditions: a selected review","volume-title":"to inhaled pollutants","author":"Horstman, D.H.; Folinsbee, L.J.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Horstman DH, Folinsbee LJ. Sulfur dioxide-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics exposed for short durations under controlled conditions: a selected review. In: Utell MJ, Frank R, eds. Susceptibility to inhaled pollutants. Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials, 1989."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1151","article-title":"Atmospheric pollutants: sulfur dioxide and particulate matter","author":"Koenig, J.Q.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Koenig JQ. Atmospheric pollutants: sulfur dioxide and particulate matter. In: Barnes PJ, Grunstein MM, LeV AR, et al, eds. Asthma. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997: 1151\u201362."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.4.9607025","article-title":"Airway responsiveness to sulfur dioxide in an adult population sample","volume":"156","author":"Nowak, D.; Jorres, R.; Berger, J.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nowak D, Jorres R, Berger J, et al. Airway responsiveness to sulfur dioxide in an adult population sample. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156:1151\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.5.7735589","article-title":"Dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and lung function in the general population","volume":"151","author":"Britton, JR, Pavord; ID, Richards; K.A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Britton JR, Pavord ID, Richards KA, et al. Dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and lung function in the general population. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:1383\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.2.166","article-title":"Bronchial reactivity and dietary antioxidants","volume":"52","author":"Soutar, A.; Seaton, A.; Brown, K.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Soutar A, Seaton A, Brown K. Bronchial reactivity and dietary antioxidants. Thorax 1997;52:166\u201370.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115644","article-title":"Dietary factors and their relationship to respiratory symptoms","volume":"132","author":"Schwartz, J.; Weiss, S.T.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schwartz J, Weiss ST. Dietary factors and their relationship to respiratory symptoms: NHANES II. Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:67\u201376.","journal-title":"NHANES II. Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"110","article-title":"Relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and pulmonary function in the First","volume":"59","author":"Schwartz, J.; Weiss, S.T.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schwartz J, Weiss ST. Relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and pulmonary function in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:110\u201314.","journal-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I). Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/61.3.625S","article-title":"Asthma, inhaled oxidants, and dietary antioxidants","volume":"61","author":"Hatch, G.E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hatch GE. Asthma, inhaled oxidants, and dietary antioxidants. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61(suppl):625S\u201330S.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.1995.10718516","article-title":"Asthma and oxidant stress: nutritional, environmental, and genetic risk factors","volume":"14","author":"Greene, L.S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Greene LS. Asthma and oxidant stress: nutritional, environmental, and genetic risk factors. J Am Coll Nutr 1995;14:317\u201324.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.5.7735592","article-title":"A prospective study of diet and adult-onset asthma","volume":"151","author":"Troisi, R.J.; Willett, W.C.; Weiss, S.T.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Troisi RJ, Willett WC, Weiss ST, et al. A prospective study of diet and adult-onset asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:1401\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117446","article-title":"Relations between antioxidant vitamins in adipose tissue, plasma and diet","volume":"141","author":"Kardinaal, A.F.M.; van\u2019t Veer, P.; Brants, H.A.M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kardinaal AFM, van\u2019t Veer P, Brants HAM, et al. Relations between antioxidant vitamins in adipose tissue, plasma and diet. Am J Epidemiol 1995;141:440\u201350.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"196","article-title":"Impact of dietary antioxidant supplements on airways epithelial lining fluid (ELF) antioxidant status","volume":"157","author":"Kelly, F.J.; Mudway, I.S.; Blomberg, A.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kelly FJ, Mudway IS, Blomberg A, et al. Impact of dietary antioxidant supplements on airways epithelial lining fluid (ELF) antioxidant status. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157:A196.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(81)90036-0","article-title":"EVects of SO2 plus NaCl aerosol combined with moderate exercise on pulmonary function in asthmatic adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Koenig, J.Q.; Pierson, W.E.; Horike, M.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Koenig JQ, Pierson WE, Horike M, et al. EVects of SO2 plus NaCl aerosol combined with moderate exercise on pulmonary function in asthmatic adolescents. Environ Res 1981;25:340\u20138.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/15298668791384797","article-title":"The eVects of sulfur dioxide on pulmonary function in healthy nonsmoking male subjects aged 55 years and older","volume":"48","author":"Rondinelli, R.C.A.; Koenig, J.Q.; Marshall, S.G.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rondinelli RCA, Koenig JQ, Marshall SG. The eVects of sulfur dioxide on pulmonary function in healthy nonsmoking male subjects aged 55 years and older. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1987;48:299\u2013303.","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1070","article-title":"New enzymatic method for vitamin C in plasma on CX5","volume":"38","author":"Tulley, R.T.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tulley RT. New enzymatic method for vitamin C in plasma on CX5. Clin Chem 1992;38:1070.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9673(92)80019-Q","article-title":"Optimization of an isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic separation of carotenoids","volume":"589","author":"Craft, N.E.; Wise, S.A.; Sores, J.H.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Craft NE, Wise SA, Sores JH. Optimization of an isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic separation of carotenoids. J Chromatography 1992;589:171\u20136.","journal-title":"J Chromatography"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/32.10.2143","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of -tocopherol and retinol in plasma or red cells by high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"32","author":"Bierri, J.G.; Tolliver, T.J.; Catignani, G.L.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bierri JG, Tolliver TJ, Catignani GL. Simultaneous determination of -tocopherol and retinol in plasma or red cells by high performance liquid chromatography. Am J Clin Nutr 1979;32:2143\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref_21","article-title":"Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma","author":"Lung, National Heart; Institute, Blood","year":"1997","unstructured":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda, MD: NIHLB, 1997. (NIH Publication No 97\u20134041A.)"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"165","article-title":"Nutrition assessment","author":"Simko, M.D.; Cowell, C.; Gilbride, J.A.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Simko MD, Cowell C, Gilbride JA. Nutrition assessment. Rockville, MD: Aspen, 1984;165\u20136."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.5.8912761","article-title":"Characterization of carotenoid, vitamin A and -tocopherol levels in human lung tissue and pulmonary macrophages","volume":"154","author":"Redlich, C.A.; Grauer, J.N.; van Bennekum, A.M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Redlich CA, Grauer JN, van Bennekum AM, et al. Characterization of carotenoid, vitamin A and -tocopherol levels in human lung tissue and pulmonary macrophages. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154:1436\u201343.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"732","article-title":"Dietary antioxidants attenuate ozone-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in asthmatic adults","volume":"155","author":"Trenga, C.A.; Williams, P.V.; Koenig, J.Q.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Trenga CA, Williams PV, Koenig JQ. Dietary antioxidants attenuate ozone-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in asthmatic adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:A732.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10010006","article-title":"Dietary fat and asthma: Is there a connection?","volume":"10","author":"Black, P.N.; Sharpe, S.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Black PN, Sharpe S. Dietary fat and asthma: Is there a connection? Eur Respir J 1997;10:6\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11030686","article-title":"Asthma severity and susceptibility to air pollution","volume":"11","author":"Hiltermann, T.J.N.; Stolk, J.; van der Zee, S.C.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hiltermann TJN, Stolk J, van der Zee SC, et al. Asthma severity and susceptibility to air pollution. Eur Respir J 1998;11:686\u201393.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.56.8.544","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T17:17:57Z","timestamp":1716484677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.56.8.544"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.56.8.544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.56.8.544","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,8]]}}}