{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:33:56Z","timestamp":1789774436228,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVES<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess the prevalence of enzyme sensitisation in the detergent industry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross sectional study was conducted in a detergent factory. Sensitisation to enzymes was examined by skin prick and radioallergosorbent (RAST) tests. 76 Workers were tested; 40 in manufacturing, packing, and maintenance, and 36 non-exposed people in management and sales departments. The workers were interviewed for work related respiratory and skin symptoms. Total dust concentrations were measured by a gravimetric method, and the concentration of protease in air by a catalytic method.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nine workers (22%) were sensitised to enzymes in the exposed group of 40, whereas none were sensitised in the non-exposed group. All the sensitised people had symptoms at work; all had rhinitis and one had asthma.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Protease concentrations were generally &lt;20 ng\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, but occasional peak values up to 80 ng\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>were detected in the packing and maintenance tasks, and high values of &gt;1 \u03bcg\/m<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>in the mixing area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the use of encapsulated enzyme preparations, high enzyme concentrations in workplace air are possible, resulting in a higher risk of sensitisation than expected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.57.2.121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:38:40Z","timestamp":1027766320000},"page":"121-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Risk of enzyme allergy in the detergent industry"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Markku","family":"Vanhanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Tuomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla","family":"Tiikkainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"Tupasela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risto","family":"Voutilainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Nordman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)92165-5","article-title":"Pulmonary disease due to inhalation of derivatives of bacillus subtilis containing proteolytic enzymes.","volume":"i","author":"Flindt","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)92166-7","article-title":"Allergic reaction of the lung to enzymes of Bacillus subtilis.","volume":"i","author":"Pepys","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1971.03190040019005"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.31.6.621"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/27.1.3","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis enzymes: a 7 year clinical, epidemiological and immunological study of an industrial allergen.","volume":"27","author":"Juniper","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91924-0","article-title":"Role of Aspergillus amylase in bakers' asthma.","volume":"i","author":"Baur","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.51.9.579"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.1.8680668"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.53.10.670"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.10","first-page":"43","article-title":"Lung function, atopy, specific hypersensitivity, and smoking of workers in the enzyme detergent industry over 11 years.","volume":"42","author":"Flood","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(05)80103-4","article-title":"ELISA for human Ige antibody to subtilisin A (Alcalase): correlation with RAST and skin test results with occupationally exposed individuals.","volume":"86","author":"Sarlo","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(84)90407-X"},{"key":"2024052310272859000_57.2.121.13","unstructured":"Gaines WG (1994) Occupational health experience manufacturing multiple enzyme detergents and methods to control enzyme exposures. 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