{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:38:21Z","timestamp":1789367901564,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pigeon breeder's disease is an extrinsic allergic alveolitis in the lungs of sensitised people, caused by hypersensitivity reactions to inhaled pigeon antigens. Antigens from different sources of the animal are used for diagnostic purposes, with serum being the most widely used. Bloom is rarely used; very little is known of its antigenicity and diagnostic performance, particularly when used with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, which is the most popular test as it permits measurement of the antibody response.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>To (<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>) standardise an ELISA for the measurement of specific IgG against pigeon serum and pigeon bloom extract; (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>) to establish reference values for specific IgG in 73 non-exposed controls, (<jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>) to show the presence of specific IgG against pigeon serum and bloom in serum samples of 17 patients with bird fancier's lung and 11 asymptomatic fanciers, and (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>) to study the similarity of the two antigen sources by cross reactivity experiments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reference values of specific IgG were defined with the 97.5 percentile (367.9 U\/ml for pigeon serum and 953.7 U\/ml for pigeon bloom extract). Of symptomatic patients 100% had values higher than the cut off for both antigens. In asymptomatic fanciers values were higher than the cut off for pigeon serum in 45% and bloom extract in 54%. Cross reactivity experiments showed that the two antigens differed in antigenic content although some components may be common to both.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ELISA methods used proved to be useful tools for evaluating specific IgG antibody responses against both antigens. The diagnostic performance of both ELISA methods performed with these antigen sources was similar, showing very high sensitivity but moderate specificity. Although some antigenic similarity was found between pigeon serum and bloom extract, cross reactivity studies showed that various antigens seemed to be specific to the bloom extract. However, the antigens responsible for pigeon breeder's disease seem to be present in both antigenic sources.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.57.3.159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:38:40Z","timestamp":1027766320000},"page":"159-164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Detection of specific antibodies to pigeon serum and bloom antigens by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in pigeon breeder's disease"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"M J","family":"Rodrigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M I","family":"Benavent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Rosell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Murio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Morell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1965.03090040005001","article-title":"Pigeon breeder's lung.","volume":"193","author":"Reed","year":"1965","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.2","unstructured":"Newman-Taylor AJ (1995) Extrinsic allergic alveolitis. in Respiratory medicine, eds Brewis R Corrin B Geddes DM Gibson GJ (WB Saunders, London), 2nd ed. pp 1394\u20131402."},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00653.x"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1994.1206"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.5","first-page":"115","article-title":"El test de inhibici\u00f3n de la migraci\u00f3n de los leucocitos en el pulm\u00f3n del cuidador de aves.","volume":"(suppl VII)","author":"Morell","year":"1980","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.87.2.202"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.7.538"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(89)90349-7"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.9","unstructured":"Kurup VP Fink JN (1997) Immunological tests for evaluation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. in Manual of clinical laboratory immunology, eds Rose NR Folds JD Nakamura RM (American Society for Microbiology), 5th ed. pp 908\u2013915."},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(96)80080-7"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.11","first-page":"327","article-title":"Antigens in pigeon breeder's disease.","volume":"43","author":"Edwards","year":"1970","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1159\/000230848","article-title":"An immunochemical study of pigeon breeder's disease, II. The specific antigens.","volume":"43","author":"Berrens","year":"1972","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.13","first-page":"984","article-title":"An antigen of pigeon breeder's disease.","volume":"34","author":"Fredricks","year":"1975","journal-title":"Fed Proc"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1991.tb05748.x","article-title":"Pigeon breeder's lung: pigeon intestinal mucin, an antigen distinct from pigeon IgA.","volume":"85","author":"Todd","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1998.00238.x"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.1860040202","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against avian antigens in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with pigeon breeder's disease: usefulness of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and enzyme immunotransfer-blotting.","volume":"4","author":"Sandoval","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(86)90327-1","article-title":"A component of pigeon dropping extract that reacts specifically with sera of individuals with pigeon breeder's disease.","volume":"77","author":"Calvanico","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02756.x"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1982.tb01636.x"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(90)90198-D"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1981.tb02170.x"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.2.168-172.1997","article-title":"Characterization of specific IgG and its subclasses (IgG1 and IgG2) against the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine in a healthy adult population: proposal for response criteria.","volume":"4","author":"Rodrigo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Diag Lab Immunol"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.45.6.490"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.24","first-page":"113","article-title":"Antibodies to pigeon antigens in pigeon breeders.","volume":"63","author":"Andersen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000235139"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.26","first-page":"897","article-title":"False positive precipitation reaction to extracts of organic dust due to teichoic acid from S aureus.","volume":"7","author":"Faux","year":"1970","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2024052310290697000_57.3.159.27","first-page":"03","article-title":"Extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by inhalation of mollusc shell dust.","volume":"30","author":"Codina","year":"1989","journal-title":"Allergologie"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.57.3.159","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T17:33:41Z","timestamp":1716485621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.57.3.159"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.57.3.159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.57.3.159","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,1]]}}}