{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:38:36Z","timestamp":1777109916976,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the mortality experience of workers at a hydrometallurgical nickel refinery and fertiliser complex in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, Canada.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec sec-type=\"methods\"><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1649 male employees of Sherritt International who worked for at least 12 continuous months during the years 1954 to 1978 at the Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta hydrometallurgical nickel refinery and fertiliser complex were followed up for an additional 17 years. Mortality was ascertained from the Canadian mortality data base maintained by Statistics Canada and covered the years 1954\u201395. Statistics were analysed with Monson's computer program.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total mortality, when compared with the Canadian population, was significantly below expectation. Fewer deaths were found for circulatory disease, ischaemic heart disease, respiratory disease, neoplasms, digestive cancer, and accidents, poisonings, and violence. Among the 718 men in the group exposed to nickel, there were no deaths due to nasal cavity or paranasal sinus cancer. Fewer deaths were found for all causes, circulatory disease, ischaemic heart disease, neoplasms and digestive cancer. Lower death rates were observed than expected for respiratory malignancies and cancer of the bronchus and lung.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>No association was found in this study between exposure to nickel concentrate or metallic nickel in the hydrometallurgical refining process and the subsequent development of respiratory cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.58.11.711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:31:46Z","timestamp":1027765906000},"page":"711-715","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mortality experience among employees at a hydrometallurgical nickel refinery and fertiliser complex in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta (1954\u201395)"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Egedahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Lundell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.1","unstructured":"Bridge JC (1933) Annual report of the chief inspector of factories for the year 1932. (The Stationery Office, London), p 103."},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.2","first-page":"224","article-title":"Some observations on the incidence of respiratory cancer in nickel workers.","volume":"15","author":"Morgan","year":"1958","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.3","unstructured":"Peto J Cuckle H Doll R (1984) Respiratory cancer mortality of Welsh nickel refinery workers. Nickel in the human environment. (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon), pp 36\u00e2\u0080\u009346, . (IARC Sci Publ No 53.)."},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.4","first-page":"376","article-title":"Lung cancer in nickel workers.","volume":"70","author":"L\u00cf\u0086ken","year":"1950","journal-title":"Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910120104","article-title":"Cancer of respiratory organs among workers at a nickel refinery in Norway.","volume":"12","author":"Pedersen","year":"1973","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.551","article-title":"Assessment of historical exposures in a nickel refinery in Norway.","volume":"26","author":"Grimsrud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910300602"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.8","unstructured":"Sutherland RB (1959) Summary of the report on respiratory cancer mortality at the International Nickel Company of Canada Limited, Port Colborne refinery. (Ontario Department of Health, Toronto) . (Unpublished.)."},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.9","unstructured":"Sutherland RB (1967) Morbidity and mortality in selected occupations at the International Nickel Company of Canada Limited, Copper Cliff plant, 1950\u00e2\u0080\u00931967. (Ontario Department of Health, Toronto) . (Unpublished.)."},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.10","unstructured":"Roberts RS Julian JA Muir DCF (1984) Cancer mortality associated with high-temperature oxidation of nickel subsulphide. Nickel in the human environment. (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon), pp 23\u00e2\u0080\u009335, . (IARC Sci Publ No 53.)."},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.11","unstructured":"Egedahl R Rice E (1984) Cancer incidence at a hydrometallurgical nickel refinery. Nickel in the human environment. (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon), pp 47\u00e2\u0080\u009355, . (IARC Sci Publ No 53.)."},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/41.1.29"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.13","first-page":"291","article-title":"An update of an epidemiology study at a hydrometallurgical nickel refinery in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta.","volume":"5","author":"Egedahl","year":"1993","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4809(81)90004-5"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.15","first-page":"54","article-title":"Comparison of individual follow up and computerized record linkage using the Canadian mortality data base.","volume":"80","author":"Shannon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4809(74)90010-X"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.17","unstructured":"Raman S (1985) Mortality analysis using Monson's computer program. Health Statistics Division. (Statistics Canada, Ottawa) . (Unpublished.)."},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.18","first-page":"48","article-title":"Anatomy of the healthy worker effect: a critique of summary statistics employed in occupational epidemiology.","volume":"8","author":"Wen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health hazards of asbestos exposure.","volume":"330","year":"1979","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.20","first-page":"799","article-title":"A long term mortality study of workers occupationally exposed to metallic nickel dust at the Oak Ridge gaseous diffusion plant.","volume":"21","author":"Godbold","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.21","unstructured":"Cragle DL Hollis DR Newport TH (1984) A retrospective cohort mortality study among workers occupationally exposed to metallic nickel dust at the Oak Ridge gaseous diffusion plant. Nickel in the human environment. (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon), pp 57\u00e2\u0080\u009363, . (IARC Sci Publ No 53.)."},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.22","first-page":"235","article-title":"Mortality of nickel workers: experience of men working with metallic nickel.","volume":"38","author":"Cox","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Ind Med"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1813","article-title":"Report of the international committee on nickel carcinogenesis in man.","volume":"16","author":"Doll","year":"1990","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052310451682000_58.11.711.24","first-page":"257","article-title":"Chromium, nickel and welding.","volume":"49","year":"1990","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.58.11.711","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T18:47:08Z","timestamp":1716490028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.58.11.711"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.58.11.711"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.58.11.711","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]}}}