{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:14:13Z","timestamp":1791220453314,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold>To investigate the relation between typical ambient noise levels (highway, rail, road) and multiple mental health indices of school children considering psychosocial and biological risk factors as potential moderators.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>With a two stage design strategy (representative sample and extreme sample) two cross sectional samples (n=1280; n=123) of primary school children (age 8\u201311) were studied. Individual exposure to noise at home was linked with two indices of mental health (self reporting by the child on a standard scale and rating by the teacher of classroom adjustment on a standard scale). Noise exposure was modelled firstly according to Austrian guidelines with the aid of a geographical information system and then calibrated and corrected against measurements from 31 locations. Information on potential confounders and risk factors was collected by mothers and controlled in regression modelling through a hierarchical forward stepping procedure. Interaction terms were also analysed to examine subgroups of children at risk\u2014for example, low birth weight and preterm birth.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Noise exposure was significantly associated in both samples with classroom adjustment ratings. Child self reported mental health was significantly linked to ambient noise only in children with a history of early biological risk (low birth weight and preterm birth).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>Exposure to ambient noise was associated with small decrements in children's mental health and poorer classroom behaviour. 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