{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:01:27Z","timestamp":1791338487303,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Aims:<\/jats:bold>To investigate the association between air pollution, including with NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and recurrent wheezing during the first two years of life.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>A birth cohort (BAMSE) comprised 4089 children, for whom information on exposures, symptoms, and diseases was available from parental questionnaires at ages 2 months, and 1 and 2 years. NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>was measured during four weeks in and outside the dwellings of children with recurrent wheezing and two age matched controls, in a nested case-control study (540 children).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Conditional logistic regression showed an OR of 1.60 (95% CI 0.78 to 3.26) among children in the highest quartile of outdoor NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>exposure in relation to those in the lowest quartile, adjusted for potential confounders. The corresponding OR for indoor NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>was 1.51 (95% CI 0.81 to 2.82). An interaction with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was indicated with an OR of 3.10 (95% CI 1.32 to 7.30) among children exposed to the highest quartile of indoor NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and ETS. The association between NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and recurrent wheezing appeared stronger in children who did not fulfil the criteria for recurrent wheezing until their second year.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>Although the odds of increased recurrent wheezing are not statistically significantly different from one, results suggest that exposure to air pollution including NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, particularly in combination with exposure to ETS, increases the risk of recurrent wheezing in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.11.876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,22]],"date-time":"2003-10-22T22:01:52Z","timestamp":1066860112000},"page":"876-881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["NO<sub>2<\/sub>, as a marker of air pollution, and recurrent wheezing in children: a nested case-control study within the BAMSE birth cohort"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Emenius","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Pershagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Berglind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H-J","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Lewn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S L","family":"Nordvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Wickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.2.441"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116745","volume":"137","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10102275"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/27.6.995"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14c29.x"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00851.x"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/24.6.1147"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.3.9701084"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.107.3.505"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/29.5.862"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116073","volume":"134","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00062.x","volume":"16","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aust J Public Health"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107761","volume":"107","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2002.01055.x"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(91)90305-8"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.73.5.408"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1080\/0002889768507522","volume":"37","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am Ind Hyg Assoc J"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-4120(81)90128-8","volume":"5","year":"1981","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"key":"2024052311230259000_60.11.876.19","unstructured":"Bland M. 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