{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:24:46Z","timestamp":1792225486123,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>An increased rate of non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (NHL) has been repeatedly observed among farmers, but identification of specific exposures that explain this observation has proven difficult.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>During the 1980s, the National Cancer Institute conducted three case-control studies of NHL in the midwestern United States. These pooled data were used to examine pesticide exposures in farming as risk factors for NHL in men. The large sample size (n = 3417) allowed analysis of 47 pesticides simultaneously, controlling for potential confounding by other pesticides in the model, and adjusting the estimates based on a prespecified variance to make them more stable.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>Reported use of several individual pesticides was associated with increased NHL incidence, including organophosphate insecticides coumaphos, diazinon, and fonofos, insecticides chlordane, dieldrin, and copper acetoarsenite, and herbicides atrazine, glyphosate, and sodium chlorate. A subanalysis of these \u201cpotentially carcinogenic\u201d pesticides suggested a positive trend of risk with exposure to increasing numbers.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>Consideration of multiple exposures is important in accurately estimating specific effects and in evaluating realistic exposure scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.60.9.e11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]],"date-time":"2003-08-22T19:02:15Z","timestamp":1061578935000},"page":"e11-e11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":219,"title":["Integrative assessment of multiple pesticides as risk factors for non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma among men"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"A J","family":"De Roos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S H","family":"Zahm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K P","family":"Cantor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D D","family":"Weisenburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F F","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L F","family":"Burmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blair A, Dosemeci M, Heineman EF. Cancer and other causes of death among male and female farmers from twenty-three states. Am J Ind Med 1993;23 :729\u201342.","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700230507"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.2","first-page":"205","volume":"103","year":"1995","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199704)31:4<442::AID-AJIM10>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.318","volume":"24","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199009000-00004","volume":"1","year":"1990","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1981.25","volume":"43","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380090081023"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.8","first-page":"1155","volume":"10","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.9","first-page":"899","volume":"78","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/82.7.575"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.11","first-page":"2447","volume":"52","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011293208949"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-200107000-00012","volume":"43","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200111000-00020"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3432210"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199411000-00009"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.17","first-page":"895","volume":"9","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.8.522","volume":"55","year":"1998","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199801)33:1<82::AID-AJIM9>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1499","volume":"19","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.21","unstructured":"Greenland S. Introduction to regression models. In: Rothman K, Greenland S, eds. Modern epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1998:359\u201399."},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/29.1.158"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200011000-00012"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.24","unstructured":"Greenland S, Rothman KJ. Concepts of interaction. In: Rothman K, Greenland S, eds. Modern epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1998:329\u201342."},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1578","volume":"18","year":"1992","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.26","first-page":"5432s","volume":"52","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.27","first-page":"5566s","volume":"52","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.28","first-page":"67","volume":"8","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.29","first-page":"286","volume":"30","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.30","unstructured":"Wilkinson CF. Introduction and overview. In: Baker SR, Wilkinson CF, eds. The effect of pesticides on human health. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Scientific Publishing Co. Inc., 1990:5\u201333."},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.31","first-page":"5485s","volume":"52","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.32","first-page":"269","volume":"12","year":"1997","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008925824242"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.53.10.652"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-199811000-00003"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/009841096161294"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.37","first-page":"229","volume":"11","year":"1983","journal-title":"Dev Toxicol Environ Sci"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(88)90093-1"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.39","first-page":"597","volume":"23","year":"1979","journal-title":"Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(84)90288-5"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(83)90004-2"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90349-8"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1992.9938365","volume":"47","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Environ Health"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.44","first-page":"689","volume":"8","year":"1997","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.4347","volume":"111","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.46","unstructured":"Nigg HNWCF, Beier RC, Carter O, et al. Exposure to pesticides. In: Baker SR, Wilkinson CF, eds. The effect of pesticides on human health. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Scientific Publishing Co. Inc., 1990:35\u2013130."},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199602)29:2<143::AID-AJIM4>3.0.CO;2-T"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.48","first-page":"59","volume":"73","year":"1999","journal-title":"IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(00)00586-5"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1999.1371"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19990315)85:6<1353::AID-CNCR19>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018413522959"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.58.1.24"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.53.9.583"},{"key":"2024052910285018000_60.9.e11.55","unstructured":"Blair A, Axelson O, Franklin C, et al. Carcinogenic effects of pesticides. In: Baker SR, Wilkinson CF, eds. The effect of pesticides on human health. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Scientific Publishing Co. Inc., 1990:201\u201360."}],"container-title":["Occupational and Environmental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.60.9.e11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T17:30:17Z","timestamp":1717003817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/oem.60.9.e11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/oem.60.9.e11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oem.60.9.e11","relation":{},"ISSN":["1351-0711","1470-7926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1351-0711","type":"print"},{"value":"1470-7926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]]}}}