{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:03:09Z","timestamp":1770753789653,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Danish Working Environment Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Occup Environ Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to identify intensities of occupational mechanical exposures (force, arm elevation and repetition) that do not entail an increased risk of surgery for subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) even after prolonged durations of exposure. Additionally, we wanted to evaluate if exposure to hand-arm vibration (HAV) is an independent risk factor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used data from a register-based cohort study of the entire Danish working population (n=2 374 403). During follow-up (2003\u20132008), 14 118 first-time events of surgery for SIS occurred. For each person, we linked register-based occupational codes (1993\u20132007) to a general population job exposure matrix to obtain year-by-year exposure intensities on measurement scales for force, upper arm elevation &gt;90\u00b0 and repetition and expert rated intensities of exposure to HAV. For 10-year exposure time windows, we calculated the duration of exposure at specific intensities above minimal (low, medium and high). We used a logistic regression technique equivalent to discrete survival analysis adjusting for cumulative effects of other mechanical exposures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found indications of safe exposure intensities for repetition (median angular velocity &lt;45\u00b0\/s), while force exertion \u226510% of maximal voluntary electrical activity and upper arm elevation &gt;90\u00b0 &gt;2\u2009min\/day implied an increased risk reaching ORs of 1.7 and 1.5 after 10 years at low intensities. No associations were found for HAV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found indications of safe exposure intensities for repetition. Any intensities of force and upper arm elevation &gt;90\u00b0 above minimal implied an increased risk across 10-year exposure time windows. No independent associations were found for HAV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,21]],"date-time":"2017-08-21T00:10:09Z","timestamp":1503274209000},"page":"176-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Surgery for subacromial impingement syndrome in relation to intensities of occupational mechanical exposures across 10-year exposure time windows"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Annett","family":"Dalb\u00f8ge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Poul","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan Hviid","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne Wulff","family":"Svendsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020050723002692000_75.3.176.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(03)00047-0","article-title":"Anatomical and biomechanical mechanisms of subacromial impingement syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Michener","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"key":"2020050723002692000_75.3.176.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2895"},{"key":"2020050723002692000_75.3.176.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.22002"},{"key":"2020050723002692000_75.3.176.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22222"},{"key":"2020050723002692000_75.3.176.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3374"},{"key":"2020050723002692000_75.3.176.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102161"},{"key":"2020050723002692000_75.3.176.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalb\u00f8ge A , Frost P , Andersen JH , et al . Surgery for subacromial impingement syndrome in relation to occupational exposures, lifestyle factors and diabetes mellitus: a nationwide nested case-control study. Occup Environ Med 2017. 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Cancer risk by social class and occupation: a survey of 109,000 cancer cases among Finns of working age. 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